異類:不一樣的成功啟示錄 第30期:計算機領(lǐng)域的新革命

Here is how one history of the period describes the advent of time-sharing:

讓我們看看當(dāng)時的歷史文獻是如何描繪分時系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢：

This was not just a revolution. It was a revelation.

這不僅僅是一項革命，并且是新的起點。

Forget the operator, the card decks, the wait.

忘掉操作員，忘掉卡片，忘掉漫長的等待。

With time-sharing, you could sit at your Teletype, bang in a couple of commands, and get an answer then and there.

在分時系統(tǒng)下，你可以坐在你的電傳打字機前面，輕敲出程序命令，很快，結(jié)果就能傳回到你這里。

Time-sharing was interactive:

分時系統(tǒng)是交互式的：

A program could ask for a response, wait for you to type it in, act on it while you waited, and show you the result, all in "real time."

你很快就能得到程序的回應(yīng)，讓你繼續(xù)輸入命令;輸入命令的時候，計算機就能處理前面的命令，告訴你處理的結(jié)果，從而真正做到“實時操作”。

This is where Michigan came in.

這種情況下，密歇根大學(xué)來得正是時候。

Because Michigan was one of the first universities in the world to switch over to time-sharing.

因為密歇根大學(xué)是全美最先使用分時系統(tǒng)的大學(xué)之一，

By 1967, a prototype of the system was up and running.

1967年，出現(xiàn)了分時系統(tǒng)的最初版本并開始運作。

By the early 1970s, Michigan had enough computing power that a hundred people could be programming simultaneously in the Computer Center.

到了20世紀(jì)70年代初期，密歇根大學(xué)建立了強大的計算機體系，計算機中心能夠滿足上百個人同時編程的需要。

"In the late sixties, early seventies, I don't think there was anywhere else that was exactly like Michigan,"

在20 世紀(jì)60年代后期、70年代初期，我找不到任何一個地方能像密歇根大學(xué)那樣，

Mike Alexander, who was one of the pioneers at Michigan in setting up the university's computer system, said.

構(gòu)建密歇根計機系統(tǒng)的先鋒人物麥克.亞歷山大說，

"Maybe MIT. Maybe Carnegie Mellon. Maybe Dartmouth. I don't think there were any others."

或許麻省理工能比得上，還有卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)、達特茅斯學(xué)院能與它不相上下，但除此之外，我再也想不到其他地方了。

This was the opportunity that greeted Bill Joy when he arrived on the Ann Arbor campus in the fall of 1971.

這對1971年秋季進入安娜堡分校的比爾.喬伊來說是個千載難逢的機會。

He hadn't chosen Michigan because of its computers.

但他并不是沖若計箅機來到密歇根大學(xué)的，

He had never done anything with computers in high school.

此前他在中學(xué)的時候也從來沒有接觸過計算機，

He was interested in math and engineer and biology.

他只是對數(shù)學(xué)和工程學(xué)感興趣。

But when the programming bug hit him in his freshman year, he found himself, by the happiest of accidents,

不過在他剛剛?cè)雽W(xué)的時候，計算機編程就迅速占據(jù)了他全部的心思，他重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己——真是幸運的巧合

in one of the few places in the world where a seventeen-year-old could program all he wanted.

一個17 歲的少年發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個能隨心所欲編程的地方，當(dāng)時，這樣的地方世界上少得可憐。

"Do you know what the difference is between the computing cards and time-sharing?" Joy says.

“你知道計算機卡片編程和分時編程的區(qū)別在哪兒嗎?”喬伊說

"It's a difference between playing chess by mail and speed chess."

這就好像是通過郵遞方式下棋和即時下棋之間的區(qū)別。

Programming wasn't an exercise in frustration anymore. It was fun.

編程不再令喬伊覺得沮喪，而是讓他覺得趣味無窮。

"I lived in the north campus, and the Computer Center was in the north campus," Joy went on.

我住在北校區(qū)，而計算機中心也剛好就在北校區(qū)，”喬伊接著說道，

"How much time did I spend there? Oh, a phenomenal amount of time.

我在計算機中心度過了多少時間?哦，那真是太多太多了。

It was open twenty-four hours. I would stay there all night, and just walk home in the morning.

計算機中心24小時開放，我整晚都待在那里，直到天亮才走回宿舍。