異類:不一樣的成功啟示錄 第26期:漫長的練習時間

Ericsson and his colleagues then compared amateur pianists with professional pianist.

隨后，埃里克森和他的同事又在鋼琴業(yè)余演奏者和專業(yè)演奏家之間作了比較，

The same pattern emerged.

得到的情形一模一樣。

The amateurs never practiced more than about three hours a week over the course of their childhood,

鋼琴業(yè)余演奏者在童年時期，每周練習的時間從來沒有超出過3個小時，

and by the age of twenty had totaled two thousand hours of practice.

到20歲左右，他們練習的全部時間大約是2,000個小時：

The professionals, on the other hand, steadily increased their practice time every year,

與他們形成鮮明對比的是，那些專業(yè)演奏家，他們毎年都會有計劃地逐步增加自己每周的練習時間，

until by the age of twenty they had reached ten thousand hours.

在他們20歲左右，練習鋼琴的全部時間達到了10 000個小時。

The thing about Ericsson's study is that he and his colleagues couldn't find any "naturals",

埃里克森和他同事的研究，讓人們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，在卓越者中并沒有“與生俱來的天才”

musicians who floated effortlessly to the top while practicing a fraction of the time their peers did.

如果和其他人一樣僅練習很少的時間，任何一位音樂工作者都不可能成為佼佼者。

Nor could they find any "grinds," people who worked harder than everyone else,

他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)很少有“勞而不獲者”，一個比他人更勤勉工作的人，

yet just didn't have what it takes to break into the top ranks.

不會僅停留在一個較高的水準，而會尋求更大的突破。

Their research suggested that once you have enough ability to get into a top music school,

埃里克森和他同事的研究表明，如果一個人擁有進入頂級音樂學校的實力，

the thing that distinguishes one performer from another is how hard he or she works. That's it.

那么，看他是否比其他人更勤勉，就能斷定他是否能從學生中脫穎而出。

And what's more, the people at the very top don't just work harder than everyone else.

那些最為卓越的人，不僅比他人勤勉，

They work much, much harder.

而且，他們非常非常地勤奮刻苦，這不是一般人能想象的。

This idea that excellence at a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise.

也就是說，一定程度的緊張練習對那些能夠肩負重要使命的卓越者而言，是必不可少的——他們需要一遍一遍研習專業(yè)技能。

In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: ten thousand hours.

事實上，研究者們都認為，卓有成效的練習時間必須達到10,000個小時，這真是不可思議!

"The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand hours of practice is required to achieve

44這項研究的結果表明，一個人的技能要達到世界水平，

the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert in any thing." writes the neurologist Daniel Levitin.

他的練習時間就必須超過10,00個小時,任何行業(yè)都不例外神經(jīng)學專家丹尼爾.利瓦廷寫道，

In study after study, of composers, basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters, concert pianists, chess players, master criminals, and what have you,

無論是作曲家、籃球運動員、作家、滑冰運動員、鋼琴演奏家、棋手，還是作案屢屢得手的慣犯，

this number comes up again and again.

對他們的練習時間進行統(tǒng)計的結果，一次次毫不例外地都得到10,000這同一個數(shù)字，

Ten thousand hours is equivalent to roughly three hours a day or twenty hours a week of practice over ten years.

10,000個小時相當于每天練習3個小時，或者一周練習20個小時，總共10年的練習時間。

Of course, this doesn't address why some people get more out of their practice sessions than others.

當然，這并不能解釋為什么有些人的練習時間遠遠超過其他人。

But no one has yet found a case in which true world-class expertise was accomplished in less time.

然而，不需要花費多少時間練習，一個人的技能就達到世界水準，目前還沒有這樣的案例。