【BBC紀(jì)錄片】凡爾賽宮 第75期：革命的爆發(fā)是個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程

In August 1788, the treasury was bare.

1788年8月 國(guó)庫(kù)已經(jīng)耗光

The government was forced to summon an Estates-General.

政府被迫召開一個(gè)全階級(jí)會(huì)議

It really was a last throw of the dice.

這是最后的孤注一擲

Despite their huge numerical superiority,

盡管有人數(shù)上的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)

the votes of the Third Estate only counted the same

第三階級(jí)到場(chǎng)的投票數(shù)只等同于

as those of the nobility and the clergy.

到場(chǎng)貴族和神職人員的投票數(shù)

You will always have a situation

情況一直都是這樣

where the two votes of the so-called privileged orders,

這兩個(gè)所謂的特權(quán)秩序的投票

that is the nobility and the clergy,

也就是代表著少于50萬(wàn)的人口的

representing maybe less than half a million people,

貴族和神職人員

will always outweigh the wishes of the 27.5 million people

卻總是比第三等級(jí)的

of the Third Estate.

275萬(wàn)人民的意愿更重要

So, straight away, you've got a political deadlock

所以 只要三級(jí)會(huì)議一召開

as soon as the Estates-General meet.

就立刻形成僵局

And getting out of that deadlock

為了打破僵局

will be what happens over the summer of 1789

1789年的夏天就發(fā)生了激烈的沖突

that triggers the Revolution.

從而引發(fā)了革命

一.bare：adj.赤裸的, 空的, 僅有的 vt.使裸露, 暴露

【詞義辨析】

bare, naked, bald, barren

這些形容詞都含“裸露的”之意。

bare指缺少必要的遮蓋物。用于人時(shí)，多指身體的部分裸露。

naked指全身一絲不掛，暴露無(wú)遺。

bald指頭上無(wú)發(fā)，山坡無(wú)樹無(wú)草，樹頂無(wú)葉。

barren著重缺少肥力或生活能力，無(wú)草無(wú)木，荒瘠不毛。

【例句用法】

The strongest man (that) you can think of cannot tear the log apart with bare hands.

就連你所能想到的最壯的人也不能光用手就將木頭撕裂。

A coat of primer should be made over the bare surface before the main painting.

在噴涂主漆前，應(yīng)在物品的表面刷一層底漆。

二.always：adv.總是, 一直, 始終, 永遠(yuǎn), 隨時(shí), 無(wú)論如何

【語(yǔ)法用法】

always指“每次，無(wú)例外的”，

Rain and storm always comes with typhoon.

always指得是百分百，如果十次中有八九次一樣，不能說(shuō)always，只能說(shuō)almost always。

在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，always指“時(shí)常，往往”。

He is always asking questions.

他常提問(wèn)。

always還常有“令人不耐煩”的含義。

You are always finding fault with me.

你老找我茬，真煩。

always在不定時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，含不同意思。

She always dreams of him.

She is always dreaming of him.

兩句都指“她老夢(mèng)到他”，但前者是她未必時(shí)常夢(mèng)到他，而后者是她時(shí)常夢(mèng)到她。

表示反義“常常不”的時(shí)候，不能說(shuō)always not，而是用never。

She never laughs.(NOT She always does not laugh.)

always不可以與whenever等已經(jīng)表示“任何的，任一一次的”詞連用。

Whenever he meets me he always speaks of his father.

句中，whenever已表示任何時(shí)候，就不需再加always去強(qiáng)調(diào)每次，刪掉always或者改whenever成when。

He always is here!指“他的確常在這(不要認(rèn)為他不在這)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)is，需重讀，注意句末習(xí)慣用感嘆號(hào)。

【詞義辨析】

always, often, usually, frequently, repeatedly, regularly

這些副詞均表示頻度。

always總是，永遠(yuǎn)。語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，指在一切時(shí)候，沒有例外。

often經(jīng)常，語(yǔ)氣弱于always,側(cè)重動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)具有經(jīng)常性，具體時(shí)間意味不強(qiáng)。

usually通常，通例地，指習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，頻度僅次于always，較often大，偶爾有間隔。

frequently時(shí)常，經(jīng)常，與often同義，可通用，但較正式，強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)頻繁。

repeatedly屢次，強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)多，但反復(fù)的頻率不一定均勻。

regularly用于修飾經(jīng)常而有規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作。

【例句用法】

I'm always at home in the evenings.

晚上我總是在家里。

We should always help each other.

我們應(yīng)始終互相幫助。