世界小史 第39期:巴比倫國(guó)王

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 One of the first Babylonian kings to rule over the whole region left a long and important inscription1, engraved2 in stone.

統(tǒng)治全國(guó)的頭一批巴比倫國(guó)王中有一個(gè)國(guó)王留下了一段這樣的重要銘文，它被鑿在一塊石頭上。

It is the oldest law-book in the world, and is known as the Code of Hammurabi.

這是世界上最古老的法典，即《漢謨拉比法典》。

His name may sound as if it comes out of a storybook, but there is nothing fanciful about his laws–they are strict and just.

這個(gè)名字聽(tīng)起來(lái)像來(lái)自一本童話書(shū)，但是制定這些法典的國(guó)王是很清醒、嚴(yán)厲和公正的。

So it is worth remembering when King Hammurabi lived: around 1,700 BC, that is some 3,700 years ago.

所以你不妨也可以記住，漢謨拉比大約生活在什么時(shí)候: 大約在公元前1700年，也就是3700年前。

The Babylonians, and the Assyrians after them, were disciplined and hardworking, but they didn't paint cheerful pictures like the Egyptians.

巴比倫尼亞人以及后來(lái)的亞述人也都是紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的的和勤奮的，但是他們沒(méi)有畫(huà)過(guò)埃及人那樣漂亮的圖畫(huà)。

Most of their statues and reliefs show kings out hunting, or inspecting kneeling captives bound in chains,

在他們大多數(shù)的雕像和浮雕中，往往能看到國(guó)王的狩獵活動(dòng)和被捆綁住的俘虜跪在國(guó)王面前，

or foreign tribes-people fleeing before the wheels of their chariots, and warriors3 attacking fortresses4.

還有由外族人拉動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)車(chē)，向城堡沖鋒的武士。

The kings look forbidding, and have long black ringlets and rippling5 beards.

國(guó)王們陰沉著臉，長(zhǎng)著又黑又長(zhǎng)的卷發(fā)，蓄著波動(dòng)的胡子。

They are also sometimes shown making sacrifices to Baal, the sun god, or to the moon goddess Ishtar or Astarte.

人們有時(shí)也看見(jiàn)他們?cè)诩郎?，祭太?yáng)神巴爾或月亮女神伊什塔耳或阿斯塔耳忒。