英語視頻暢談歐美人文風(fēng)情14：伊拉克危機(jī)簡(jiǎn)史:ISIS,敘利亞,與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
Oh, dear! Just when you thought the Iraq problem was solved because you haven't heard about it for a while, everything's back to murders, chaos, and terror. What happened?
喔，天啊!正當(dāng)你以為伊拉克的問題已經(jīng)解決，因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)有一陣子沒聽到消息了，一切又回到謀殺、混亂、和恐慌。發(fā)生了什么事?
In 2003, the U.S. invaded Iraq because of its alleged connections to terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. At the time Saddam Hussein, a brutal dictator, ruled the country. He was part of the Sunni minority and suppressed the Shia majority. Iraq was conquered fairly quickly, but the U.S. had no plan for the country. The until-then-suppressed Shia majority took over and began oppressing the Sunnis because suppressing other faiths proven to be such a good idea.
2003年，因其與恐怖行動(dòng)以及大規(guī)模毀滅性武器間的可疑連結(jié)性，美國(guó)入侵伊拉克。當(dāng)時(shí)海珊，一名慘無人道的獨(dú)裁者，統(tǒng)治那國(guó)家。他是遜尼少數(shù)派的一部分，并打壓什葉多數(shù)派。伊拉克很快就被攻下，但美國(guó)對(duì)此國(guó)家并無計(jì)劃。直到當(dāng)時(shí)都被打壓的什葉多數(shù)派繼任，并開始?jí)浩冗d尼派，因?yàn)榇驂浩渌叛鲎C明是這么一個(gè)好點(diǎn)子。
Unsurprisingly, a Sunni rebel uprising began, and terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda trickled into Iraq, and local forces, often former Sunni military, began fighting the U.S. troops and the newly-formed Iraqi state, peaking in a bloody civil war in 2006. Since then, people in Iraq have basically been segregated by religion.
不意外地，一場(chǎng)遜尼派起義開始了，而像是蓋達(dá)的恐怖份子組織緩緩滲入伊拉克，然后當(dāng)?shù)剀娏?，通常是前任的遜尼派軍隊(duì)，開始對(duì)抗美國(guó)軍隊(duì)及剛成立的伊拉克政府，在2006年一場(chǎng)血流成河的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)達(dá)到高峰。自此后，伊拉克的人民基本上被依照宗教所隔離。
So in a tragic irony of history, the U.S. invasion led to the formation of the very terrorists the U.S. wanted to eliminate in the first place, because Iraq was now the perfect training ground for terrorism.
所以在歷史中那悲劇性的諷刺事件中，美國(guó)的入侵導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)原先想要消滅的那些恐怖分子集結(jié)起來，因?yàn)橐晾爽F(xiàn)在是恐怖活動(dòng)絕佳的訓(xùn)練基地。
To understand this complicated conflict better, we need to understand the relationship between the two main branches of the Muslim faith: Shia and Sunni Islam. Sunnis make up about 80% of the Muslim world, and Shia about 20%. And the hardliners on both sides don't like each other very much.
要更加了解這個(gè)復(fù)雜的沖突，我們需要了解穆斯林信仰中兩個(gè)主要分支之間的關(guān)系：什葉和遜尼穆斯林。遜尼派組成大約穆斯林世界的百分之八十，而什葉派大約百分之二十。兩邊的強(qiáng)硬派份子都不是很喜歡彼此。
Saudi Arabia and Iran are the two most powerful players in the game of faiths. They both have no separation of state and religion, domestic problems, and a lot of oil money, and they support groups that fight the other religious orientation. And one of those terror organizations supported by Saudi Arabia was Islamic state in Iraq, or ISI for short.
沙烏地阿拉伯和伊朗是信仰之戰(zhàn)里兩個(gè)最有力的對(duì)手。它們兩者都沒有國(guó)家和宗教的隔離政策、都有國(guó)內(nèi)的問題、還有很多石油帶來的財(cái)富，它們也都支持反對(duì)其他宗教取向的組織。沙烏地阿拉伯所支持的其中一個(gè)恐怖組織就是伊拉克伊斯蘭國(guó)，或是縮寫 ISI。
In 2010, the Arab Spring happened and changed the whole situation in the Middle East. In Syria, dictator Bashar al-Assad didn't think much of resigning and started a gruesome civil war against his own people. The longer the war went on, the more foreign groups joined the fight, most of them for religious reasons and with a goal of building an Islamic state in the region.
在2010年，阿拉伯之春爆發(fā)，并改變了中東整個(gè)局勢(shì)。在敘利亞，獨(dú)裁者 Bashar al-Assad(敘國(guó)總統(tǒng))并不想辭職，并發(fā)起一場(chǎng)對(duì)抗他自己人民的可怕內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)越久、越多外國(guó)組織加入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他們大部分是為了宗教因素，并帶著于此區(qū)域建立伊斯蘭政府的目標(biāo)。
And one of them was the infamous ISI, which now became the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS. They had fought in Iraq for years and had thousands of well-trained and fanatic soldiers. They already quasi-controlled parts of northern Iraq and were very determined to build their religious state. And they changed the game in Syria like no one expected.
他們之一就是惡名昭彰的 ISI，那現(xiàn)在成為伊拉克和敘利亞的伊斯蘭政府，或稱之為 ISIS。他們已在伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)多年，并有數(shù)千名訓(xùn)練有素且狂熱的士兵。他們已經(jīng)幾乎控制了部分伊拉克北部，且十分堅(jiān)持要建立他們的宗教政府。他們出乎大眾意料改變了在敘利亞的局勢(shì)。
ISIS was so unbelievably violent and radical that soon there was a war with almost every other faction of the Syrian rebel armies. They attacked and killed members of other Muslim terrorist groups. In the territories they controlled they built Islamic state with rules so strict that even the hardliners of Al-Qaeda and Saudi Arabia were shocked and withdrew their support.
ISIS 是如此難以置信地暴力和極端，以致于很快就和幾乎每個(gè)敘利亞反抗軍的其他派系都掀起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。他們攻擊并殺害其他穆斯林恐怖組織成員。在他們控制的領(lǐng)地中，他們建立伊斯蘭政府，其統(tǒng)治如此嚴(yán)苛，甚至連蓋達(dá)組織和沙烏地阿拉伯的強(qiáng)硬派份子都大吃一驚，并收回他們的支持。
ISIS has been accused of responsibility for multiple massacres against civilians, countless suicide bombings, the hostage taking of women and children, the executions of their prisoners, and beheadings—all kinds of medieval horrors we would rather not to have to illustrate. And this lovely gathering of human beings recently decided it was time to take more territory in Iraq.
ISIS 被指控要負(fù)責(zé)多次平民大屠殺、無數(shù)次的自殺炸彈攻擊、挾持婦孺作為人質(zhì)、處決他們的囚犯、還有斬首行為--所有我們寧愿不必描述出來的中世紀(jì)恐怖行為。這群人的可愛聚會(huì)最近決定是時(shí)候在伊拉克占領(lǐng)更多領(lǐng)地了。
Since the U.S. left Iraq, the Shia prime minister Nouri al-Maliki has monopolized power and discriminated against Sunnis wherever possible. The government of Iraq is widely regarded as being corrupt, incapable, and it's certainly hated by a large part of its citizens.
自美國(guó)離開伊拉克后，什葉派的總理 Nouri al-Maliki 已經(jīng)獨(dú)攬權(quán)力并竭盡所能四處排擠遜尼派。伊拉克政府被廣為認(rèn)為貪腐、無能，且絕對(duì)受其大部分國(guó)民所痛恨。
The Iraqi army consisting of about 300,000 soldiers was created using 25 billion U.S. dollars in tax money, but it's not loyal to its government and has been withdrawing or completely disbanding, giving up city after city, because ISIS has announced that everyone who opposes them will be killed.
由大約三十萬名士兵所組成的伊拉克軍隊(duì)，是從稅金中花費(fèi)兩百五十億美金所打造，但它對(duì)其政府并不忠誠(chéng)，且已經(jīng)撤退、或是完全解散，一個(gè)城市接著一個(gè)城市投降，因?yàn)?ISIS 已經(jīng)宣布所有反對(duì)他們的人都將被殺害。
They have proven they mean business. By June, 2014, they'd conquered the big chunk of Iraq, including Mosul, Iraq's second largest city. They've stolen hundreds of millions from captured banks, making them the richest terror organization on earth. And they are constantly working on establishing a super medieval religious state.
他們已經(jīng)證明他們是認(rèn)真的。在2014年六月，他們已攻下伊拉克的一大部分，包括 Mosul，伊拉克第二大城。他們從俘虜?shù)你y行偷取數(shù)億元，讓他們成為地球上最富有的恐怖組織。他們持續(xù)努力建立一個(gè)超級(jí)中世紀(jì)的宗教政府。
Iran and the U.S. are even considering working together to fight them. That's how gruesome the situation is. Events in Iraq show again that exploiting the people you've defeated in the war, denying them power, and living in a stake in the rebuilding of the country is just sowing the seeds of the next bat of violence.
伊朗和美國(guó)甚至在考慮要合作打擊他們。那就是情況有多么可怕。在伊拉克的事件再次顯示了剝削你在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗的人民、否決他們的權(quán)力、還有生活在重建國(guó)家的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之中，只是在為下一波暴力行為埋下種子。
Somehow, we have to break the circle.
用某種方式，我們必須打破這輪回。
