歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第31任總統(tǒng) 赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛

Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of theUnited States, serving between 1929 and 1933. Hewas born in Iowa in 1874. His father was ablacksmith. He enrolled at Stanford University whenit opened in 1891,and graduated as a miningengineer. He married his Stanford sweetheart, LouHenry, and they went to China, where he worked fora private corporation as China's leading engineer.

赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛是美國(guó)第31任總統(tǒng)，任期為1929年至1933年。1874年，胡佛出生于愛荷華州。他的父親是一名鐵匠工人。斯坦福大學(xué)建于1891年，胡佛曾就讀于這所學(xué)校，畢業(yè)后，他成為了一名采礦工程師。胡佛與他斯坦福的同學(xué)-羅·亨利結(jié)婚，并前往中國(guó)，并在一家私人公司工作，作為中國(guó)主要的工程師。

One week before Hoover celebrated his 40th birthday in London, Germany declared war onFrance, and the American Consul General asked his help in getting stranded tourists home. Insix weeks his committee helped 120,000 Americans return to the United States. Next Hooverturned to a far more difficult task, to feed Belgium, which had been overrun by the Germanarmy.

就在胡佛在倫敦慶祝他40歲生日的前一周，德國(guó)對(duì)法國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)，美國(guó)總領(lǐng)事要求他幫助受困美國(guó)游客回國(guó)。在六周的時(shí)間內(nèi)，他的委員會(huì)幫助12萬(wàn)美國(guó)人返回了美國(guó)。之后，胡佛又接管了更為棘手的任務(wù)，向比利時(shí)提供食品補(bǔ)給，當(dāng)時(shí)比利時(shí)已經(jīng)被德國(guó)軍隊(duì)所控。

After the United States entered the war, President Wilson appointed Hoover as the head of theFood Administration. He succeeded in cutting consumption of foods needed overseas andavoided rationing at home, yet kept the Allies fed. He then served as Secretary of Commerceunder Presidents Harding and Coolidge. Hoover became the Republican Presidential nomineeand won the 1928 election.

美國(guó)參戰(zhàn)之后，威爾遜總統(tǒng)任命胡佛為糧食總署署長(zhǎng)。他成功地削減了軍隊(duì)在國(guó)外的消量，并避免了國(guó)內(nèi)的配給。同時(shí)保證了同盟國(guó)的食品補(bǔ)給。哈定總統(tǒng)以及柯立芝總統(tǒng)在位時(shí)，他擔(dān)任了商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)。之后，胡佛成為了共和黨候選人，并贏得了1928年的總統(tǒng)大選。

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months into his term. He created manyprojects to tryand end the Great Depression, such as the Hoover Dam. He cut taxes andincreased public spending. None of this produced economic recovery. As a result, Hoover isranked poorly among former presidents. After WorldWar II, he was a fierce opponent ofcommunism. He died in 1964 at the age of 90.

1929年，在他擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)不到8個(gè)月時(shí)，華爾街爆發(fā)了股災(zāi)。他運(yùn)用了多種方式來(lái)嘗試結(jié)束這場(chǎng)大蕭條，例如胡佛水壩。他削減了稅務(wù)，提高了公共消費(fèi)。然而沒有一項(xiàng)舉措能夠使經(jīng)濟(jì)得到復(fù)蘇。這導(dǎo)致胡佛在往任總統(tǒng)中的排名較低。二戰(zhàn)以后，他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義。他于1964年去世，享年90歲。

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