歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第18任總統(tǒng) 尤利塞斯·辛普森·格蘭特

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　　Ulysses S. Grant was born as Hiram Ulysses Grant in 1822. He was the 18th President of America, serving two terms from 1869 to 1877. In 1838, he went to West Point military academy against his will. He was an average student but excelled at horse riding. A mistake was made with his name on the application form, but he adopted his “new” name, liking the U.S. initials. His classmates called him Sam.

　　尤利塞斯·辛普森·格蘭特出生于1822年，當(dāng)時(shí)他的名字叫做海勒姆·辛普森·格蘭特。他是美國(guó)第18任總統(tǒng)，他的任期是1869-1877年。1838年，在不愿意的情況下，他就讀了西點(diǎn)軍校。他在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)平平，但卻在騎馬方面非常優(yōu)秀。雖然申請(qǐng)表格把他的名字搞錯(cuò)，但是他適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新名字，他很喜歡找這個(gè)縮寫(xiě)。他的同學(xué)叫他山姆。

　　Grant joined the Army in 1839 and fought in the Mexican-American War. He was twice promoted for bravery and he learnt a lot about military tactics. In 1861, Grant was made a colonel. In 1862 he took control of the Mississippi Valley and President Lincoln promoted him to major general. After further impressive battle victories, especially at Chattanooga, Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in 1864.

　　1839年，格蘭特參了軍，并參加了墨西哥戰(zhàn)役。他曾經(jīng)兩次因英勇奮戰(zhàn)而晉升，并學(xué)習(xí)到了許多軍事戰(zhàn)術(shù)。1861年，格蘭特升為了陸軍上校。1862年，他控制了密西西比河谷流域，林肯總統(tǒng)晉升他為少將。之后他有贏得了幾場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利，特別是在查特努加市，1864年，林肯命他為大將軍。

　　When he was elected President in 1868, the American people hoped for an end to the turmoil of the Civil War. Grant looked to Congress for direction. During the reconstruction, Grant focused on the rebuilding of the South, often with military force. His signing of civil rights laws resulted in the election of African Americans to Congress for the first time.

　　1868年，他選舉成為了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，美國(guó)人希望能夠結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)旋渦。格蘭特向議會(huì)尋求意見(jiàn)。在重建過(guò)程中，格蘭特集中在了擁有軍事力量的南方。他所簽訂的民權(quán)法使得非洲裔美國(guó)人第一次進(jìn)入到了國(guó)會(huì)的選舉當(dāng)中。

　　Grant's presidency was marred by economic turmoil and multiple scandals. He was heavily criticized for not managing the depression. He became involved in many corruption scandals, which ruined his chances of getting a third-term nomination. After retiring from office, Grant went on a two-year world tour. He wrote his memoirs and died in 1885 aged 63, soon after completing the last page.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)蕩，以及無(wú)數(shù)的丑聞使他的總統(tǒng)之旅蒙上了污點(diǎn)。由于沒(méi)有能夠處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條問(wèn)題，格蘭特遭到了人們的嚴(yán)重批判。他還牽扯到了許多腐敗丑聞之中，這讓他失去了第三任總統(tǒng)提名的機(jī)會(huì)。卸任以后，格蘭特進(jìn)行了為期兩年的世界之旅。并寫(xiě)下了回憶錄，就在他完成最后一頁(yè)不久，1885年，63歲的格蘭特與世長(zhǎng)辭。

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