歷屆美國總統(tǒng)介紹:第13任總統(tǒng) 米勒德菲爾莫爾

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Millard Fillmore was born in the Finger Lakes country of New York in 1800. He was the 13th President of the United States, serving from 1850-1853. As a youth, he endured the hardships of frontier life and lived in a log cabin. His rise to wealth and the White House demonstrated that through hard work and some ability, "an uninspiring man could make the American dream come true".

1800年，米勒德·菲爾莫（Millard Fillmore）爾出生在紐約五指湖區(qū)。他是美國第13任總統(tǒng)，任期自1850年至1853年。他青年時期守著自己的小木屋，過著艱苦的邊疆生活。他成為富人住進白宮后曾說道，通過努力工作，憑借一些能耐，“平凡之人也能實現(xiàn)美國夢。”

In 1823 he was admitted to the bar; seven years later he moved his law practice to Buffalo, in New York state. He held state office and for eight years was a member of the House of Representatives. In 1848, he was elected Vice President. He presided over the Senate during the months of nerve-wracking debates over the Compromise of 1850 when the south wanted to leave the Union.

他1823年被法院錄用，七年后，他到紐約州布法羅踐行法律。他曾當(dāng)選紐約州議會議員，并在美國眾議院服務(wù)了八年。他1848年被選為美國副總統(tǒng)。他1850年主持美國參議院長達數(shù)月，當(dāng)時南方意圖脫離美國聯(lián)邦，參議院就和解協(xié)議一事爭論不休。

The sudden death of President Zachary Taylor in July 1850 elevated Fillmore to President. One of his first bills was the Fugitive Slave Act, in which runaway slaves had to be returned to their owners. Opponents nicknamed it the 'Bloodhound Law' after the dogs used to hunt escaped slaves. He also saw California become the 31st state and abolished the slave trade (but not slavery) in the District of Columbia.

扎卡里·泰勒1850年7月突然逝世，菲爾莫爾得以繼任美國總統(tǒng)。他頒布的第一個法案是《逃奴法案》，該法案規(guī)定，逃跑的奴隸必須回到奴隸主身邊。反對派將該法案比喻為追捕逃跑奴隸的獵狗“血腥獵犬法案”(Bloodhound Law)。在他任職美國總統(tǒng)期間，加利福尼亞成為了美國的第31個州，哥倫比亞特區(qū)的奴隸買賣(不是奴隸制)被廢止。

He was quite active with his foreign policy. He championed the rising trade with Japan and sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to establish relations with the Japanese. He quashed Napoleon III's attempt to annex Hawaii by threatening military action, and did likewise with the British over their efforts to invade Cuba. Out of office, he opposed President Lincoln throughout the Civil War. He died on March 8, 1874.

菲爾莫爾在制定外交政策方面表現(xiàn)得很積極。他倡導(dǎo)與日本之間的貿(mào)易往來，還派海軍準(zhǔn)將馬休·佩里前往日本建立外交關(guān)系。他遏止了拿破侖三世試圖通過武力威脅吞并夏威夷的企圖，同時，和英國人一樣，他也熱衷于侵犯古巴。在卸任美國總統(tǒng)之后，同時也是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)期間，他對美國總統(tǒng)林肯一直持反對意見。菲爾莫爾1874年3月8日逝世。