歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第11任總統(tǒng) 詹姆斯·諾克斯波爾

James Knox Polk was America's eleventh President.He was born in North Carolina, in 1795. He was theeldest of ten children. His father traded in slaves andwas a farmer. Studious and industrious, Polkgraduated with honors in 1818 from the University ofNorth Carolina. As a young lawyer he enteredpolitics, served in the Tennessee legislature, andbecame a friend of Andrew Jackson.

詹姆斯·諾克斯·波爾克（James Knox Polk）是美國(guó)第11任總統(tǒng)。波爾克1795年出生在北卡羅來(lái)納州。他家里有十個(gè)孩子，他是老大。他的父親曾參加過(guò)奴隸貿(mào)易，是個(gè)種植園主。波爾克學(xué)習(xí)勤奮，1818年，他便以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)從北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)畢業(yè)。后來(lái)，他又以年輕律師的身份進(jìn)入美國(guó)政壇，就職于田納西州立法機(jī)關(guān)，并與安德魯·杰克遜成為朋友。

In the House of Representatives, Polk was a chief lieutenant of Jackson in his Bank war. Heserved as Speaker between 1835 and 1839, leaving to become Governor of Tennessee. Polkbecame the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1844 after arguing for the annexation ofTexas and Oregon. He won the 1844 presidential election to become the first "dark horse"president.

波爾克曾在美國(guó)眾議院擔(dān)任杰克遜的首席中尉，參與抵制銀行活動(dòng)。他1835年至1839年擔(dān)任眾議院議長(zhǎng)，1839年任田納西州州長(zhǎng)。波爾克1844年主張美國(guó)合并得克薩斯及俄勒岡。他后來(lái)被民主黨提名為美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)。他在1844年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中勝出，成為美國(guó)首位“黑馬”總統(tǒng)。

As President, Polk threatened war with Britain over annexing Oregon. A treaty was signed in1846 after the British settled for land north of the 49th parallel, which today is the Canadaborder. Polk fought a war with Mexico between 1846 and 1848. American forces won repeatedvictories and gained New Mexico and California for the USA. Polk also tried to buy Cuba fromSpain in 1848 but was unsuccessful.

作為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，波爾克曾就美國(guó)合并俄勒岡一事威脅英國(guó)，說(shuō)要與英國(guó)開(kāi)火。英國(guó)人1846年與美國(guó)簽訂協(xié)議，在北緯49度以北的地方(如今這里是加拿大邊境)定居。1846年至1848年，波爾克和墨西哥開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。美國(guó)軍隊(duì)再次獲得勝利，奪得了新墨西哥州和加利福尼亞州。波爾克1848年還試圖從西班牙手中購(gòu)買古巴，但失敗了。

Polk left office due to bad health in 1849. He had promised to serve only one term. He oversawthe opening of the Smithsonian Institute and the U.S. Naval Academy, and the groundbreakingfor the Washington Monument. The first U.S. postage stamps were also issued during hispresidency. Historians call him America's "least known consequential president". He died ofcholera on June 15, 1849.

波爾克1849年由于身體不適，卸任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)這一職務(wù)。波爾克承諾過(guò)只擔(dān)任一屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。他曾親臨美國(guó)史密森研究院和美國(guó)海軍學(xué)院的開(kāi)幕式，及華盛頓紀(jì)念碑的開(kāi)工典禮。波爾克在任期間還發(fā)行了第一套美國(guó)郵票。歷史學(xué)家稱他為“功成身退的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)”。波爾克1849年6月15日得霍亂逝世。