美股五次“熔斷”全球股市下跌

為應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)15日宣布緊急下調(diào)基準(zhǔn)利率1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)并再度啟動(dòng)量化寬松措施，但金融市場(chǎng)并未給予積極回應(yīng)。紐約股市16日開盤暴跌并再次觸發(fā)熔斷機(jī)制，全球其他幾大股市也出現(xiàn)下跌。

盡管各國(guó)央行宣布協(xié)同努力緩解新冠肺炎疫情的影響，但全球股市仍然再次下跌。

The Dow Jones index closed 12.9% down after President Donald Trump said the economy "may be" heading for recession.

在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普稱經(jīng)濟(jì)“可能”走向衰退后，道瓊斯指數(shù)收盤下跌12.9%。

London's FTSE 100 ended 4% lower, and other major European markets saw similar slides.

倫敦富時(shí)100指數(shù)收盤時(shí)下跌4%，歐洲其他主要股市也出現(xiàn)了類似的下跌。

On Sunday, the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates to almost zero and launched a $700 billion stimulus programme.

上周日(3月15日)，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將利率降至近零水準(zhǔn)，并啟動(dòng)了7000億美元(約合人民幣4.89萬億元)的刺激計(jì)劃。

It was part of co-ordinated action announced alongside the eurozone, the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland.

這是與歐元區(qū)、英國(guó)、日本、加拿大和瑞士共同宣布的協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)的一部分。

Worries mounted that central banks' emergency measures over the weekend meant the economy is in much worse shape than previously believed.

人們?cè)絹碓綋?dān)心，各國(guó)央行上周末采取的緊急措施意味著，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況比預(yù)想的要糟糕得多。

However, investors are worried that central banks now have few options left to combat the impact of the pandemic.

然而，投資者擔(dān)心，各國(guó)央行目前已沒有多少選擇來應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情的影響。

The new governor of the Bank of England, Andrew Bailey, has pledged to take "prompt action again" when necessary to stop the damage to the economy from the coronavirus pandemic.

英國(guó)央行新任行長(zhǎng)安德魯•貝利承諾，必要時(shí)將“再次迅速采取行動(dòng)”，以阻止新冠肺炎疫情對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成損害。

David Madden, a market analyst at CMC Markets, said that while central bankers were trying to calm the markets, "in reality it is having the opposite effect".

盈豐財(cái)資市場(chǎng)的市場(chǎng)分析師戴維•馬登表示，盡管各國(guó)央行試圖安撫市場(chǎng)，但“實(shí)際上卻產(chǎn)生了相反的效果”。

"The radical measures have sent out a very worrying message to dealers, and that is why they are blindly dumping stocks."

“這些激進(jìn)措施向交易商發(fā)出的信息非常令人擔(dān)憂，因此他們?cè)诿つ繏伿酃善薄?rdquo;

In New York, steep falls as markets opened triggered another automatic halt to trading, which is meant to curb panic selling. Before last week, such halts, known as circuit breakers, had not been used in more than two decades.

紐約股市開盤后大幅下跌，再次引發(fā)“熔斷”，即為了遏制恐慌性拋售而自動(dòng)暫停交易。在上周出現(xiàn)“熔斷”之前，美國(guó)股市已有20多年沒有出現(xiàn)過這種情況。

【小知識(shí)：熔斷機(jī)制是什么?】

首先，熔斷機(jī)制的英文是circuit breaker mechanism，其中，circuit breaker在電工學(xué)里就是斷路器的意思。當(dāng)電路中出現(xiàn)短路時(shí)，斷路器會(huì)立即斷開電路，保護(hù)負(fù)載的安全。

?The circuit breaker mechanism refers to measures adopted by stock exchanges to temporarily halt trading to avert panic selling after the stock index has fallen a certain percentage.

熔斷機(jī)制是指股指下跌一定比例后，證券交易所采取暫停交易以避免恐慌性拋售的措施。

?The circuit breaker mechanism aims to check abnormal prices wings.

熔斷機(jī)制的目的是遏制交易價(jià)格異常波動(dòng)。

業(yè)內(nèi)人士表示，熔斷機(jī)制可以給市場(chǎng)一個(gè)冷靜期(cooling-off period)，讓投資者充分消化市場(chǎng)信息(market information)，防止市場(chǎng)或某一產(chǎn)品非理性的大幅波動(dòng)(fluctuations)，特別防止市場(chǎng)大幅下跌甚至發(fā)生股災(zāi)(stock market crash)，以維護(hù)市場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定。

Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) near the close of trading in New York, US, March 12, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]But the sell-off continued after the 15-minute suspension, with the Dow losing nearly 3,000 points or 12.9%, its worst percentage drop since 1987.

但在暫停交易15分鐘后，股市繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)拋售，道瓊斯指數(shù)下跌近3000點(diǎn)，跌幅達(dá)12.9%，達(dá)到1987年以來的跌幅。

The wider S&P 500 dropped 11.9%, while Nasdaq dropped 12.3%. All three indexes are now down more than 25% from their highs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)下跌11.9%，納斯達(dá)克指數(shù)下跌12.3%。三大股指目前都較高點(diǎn)下跌了超過25%。

In London, firms in the travel sector saw big falls. Share in holiday firm Tui sank more than 27% after it said it would suspend the "majority" of its operations. BA-owner IAG fell more than 25% after it said it would cut its flight capacity by at least 75% in April and May.

在倫敦，旅游行業(yè)的公司股價(jià)大幅下跌。度假公司途易宣布將暫停“大部分”業(yè)務(wù)后，其股價(jià)下跌超過27%。英國(guó)航空公司的母公司國(guó)際航空集團(tuán)股價(jià)下跌逾25%，此前該集團(tuán)表示，將在4月和5月削減至少75%的航班。

The FTSE 250, which includes a number of well-known UK-focused companies, ended down about 7.8%.

富時(shí)250指數(shù)收跌約7.8%，其中包括多家主要在英國(guó)投資的知名企業(yè)。

All the main European share indexes fell sharply, though they later regained some ground. France's Cac 40 index fell more than 5.7% and Germany's Dax dropped more than 5.3%.

歐洲主要股指均大幅下跌，不過后來有所回升。法國(guó)Cac 40指數(shù)下跌超過5.7%，德國(guó)Dax指數(shù)下跌超過5.3%。

Earlier in Asia, Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 closed down 2.5% and the Shanghai Composite in China ended the day 3.3% lower.

之前在亞洲股市，日本日經(jīng)225指數(shù)收盤下跌2.5%，中國(guó)上證綜合指數(shù)收盤下跌3.3%。

Oil prices, which have been shaken by a price war between exporters, fell again. Brent crude dropped by more than 10% to less than $32 a barrel while West Texas International crude fell more than 8% to less than $30 a barrel.

受到出口商之間價(jià)格戰(zhàn)影響的油價(jià)再次下跌。布倫特原油價(jià)格下跌超過10%，至每桶不到32美元，而西德克薩斯國(guó)際原油價(jià)格下跌超過8%，至每桶不到30美元。