百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學(xué)堂59 人真的能“感受”到溫度嗎

The temperature of regular stuff is basically just a measurement of jiggliness of the atoms and molecules that make that stuff up.More jiggling,higher temperature,Less jiggling,lower temperature.Of course,when something's at a high temperature,it feels hot,and when something's at a low temperature,it feels cold.Right?mmmjhyyaaanot exactly.

普通物體的溫度，從本質(zhì)上說指的僅僅是組成該物質(zhì)的原子、分子振動的劇烈程度。振動越劇烈，溫度越高，越不劇烈，溫度越低。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)某個物體溫度較高時，它摸起來很燙，當(dāng)某物體的溫度較低時，它摸起來很冷，不是嗎?嗯啊額哦唔，不完全是哎。

If you touch a piece of metal and a book that have been sitting in your fridge,the metal will feel much colder than the book-Derek of veritasium did a great video on this,But you really have to try it for yourself to believe it!The metal and the book are honestly at the same temperature,as measured by a thermometer,but the metal FEELS colder.

如果你用手摸剛從冰箱中拿也來的一塊金屬和一本書，金屬塊摸起來比書冷得多，Veritasium 的DeRek為此做過一個不錯的視頻，但是你真的應(yīng)該親身體驗一下，事實上，用溫度計測量金屬塊和書時，二者的溫度相同，但是金屬塊感覺更冷。

This isn't just a trick of the mind,though,we experience the metal as "colder"than the book for a very physical reason:Metal is a conductor,and paper is an insulator,so the ENERGY,or jiggliness of the molecules in our hands,is absorbed more quickly by the metal than by the book.Even though the book and the metal are at the same temperature,the metal causes the temperature of our hands to go down faster and thus,we experience the metal as being colder,because the temperature of our hands is what we really feel.

這不只是大腦的一個錯覺，書給我們的感覺比金屬塊“冷”有它的物理解釋，金屬是導(dǎo)熱體，而紙是絕熱體，因此能量，或者說物體分子振動的劇烈程度，被金屬吸收的速度比書更快。盡管書和金屬塊的溫度是相同的，金屬使得我們手掌表面溫度下降得更快，因此，我們感覺金屬更冷，因為我們手掌表面的溫度才是我們真正感覺到的。

It's like how,technically,a mercury thermometer really only measures its own temperature,And you can only indirectly measure temperatures of other things by putting them in thermal contact with it.Similarly,the thermo receptive nerves in our skin,can only directly measure the temperature of the skin itself and not of anything else.

這就像嚴(yán)格地說，水銀溫度計僅僅反映水銀表面溫度而已，你只能通過使溫度度和物體發(fā)生熱交換來間接地測量物體的溫度，類似地，我們皮膚下的熱感受細(xì)胞，僅僅能直接測量皮膚表面溫度，其他的一概不行。

So when we touch something,we don't feel its temperature,but rather,we feel its effect on our skin:that is,how much and how quickly it transfers thermal energy-that's the jiggling of molecules-to or from us.The capacity to transfer thermal energy is also,why a blast of steam from your stovetop,can feel so much hotter than a blast of hot dry air from your oven,even though the oven has a higher temperature:water vapor transfers more molecular jiggling to your skin than air by itself.

因此 我們摸其他東西時感受到的不是它的溫度，而是我們感受到的，它對我們皮膚的影響，也就是它向我們吸收或傳遞熱能，(實際上是分子的震蕩)的多少和速度。物體傳播熱能的能力也解釋了，為什么灶臺上的水蒸氣，給我們感覺比烤箱上升起的干燥熱空氣要燙得多，即便烤箱止熱空氣的溫度更高。水蒸氣向你皮膚表面轉(zhuǎn)移的分子振動量比熱空氣的多。

In fact,it's tempting to say that "hot"and "cold"are fundamentally different concepts from "high temperature"and "low temperature",even though we usually use the words interchangeably."Hot"really means "it gives off a lot of energy",while high temperature means"it has a lot of energy"and as anyone who's tried fundraising knows,just because somebody has a lot of something,doesn't necessarily mean they give a lot of it away.

實際上冷熱和溫度高溫度低 是兩個截然不同概念的說法聽起來更有道理，盡管我們經(jīng)常將二者混為一談，“熱”意味著“物體向外傳遞很多能量”，而溫度高則意味著“物體所含能量高” 正如每個曾籌過款的人都知道的，一個人所擁有的東西多，并不一定意味著他們給予的多。