英語語法：洪恩語法之連詞詳解

Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind.
如果送禮的人不是出于真心，再貴重的禮物也會失去它的價值。

連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。

20.1 并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)

并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個并列的句子。

1)　and 與or

判斷改錯：

(錯) They sat down and talk about something.

(錯) They started to dance and sang.

(錯) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.

(對) They sat down and talked about something.

(對) They started to dance and sing.

(對)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.

解析：

第一句： and 連接兩個并列的謂語，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。

第二句：and 連接兩個并列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。

第三句：and 連接感觀動詞saw 后面的用作的賓補的兩個并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。

注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法)

Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.

= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.

One more effort, and you'll succeed.

= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.

2)　both …and　兩者都

She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.

3)　not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且)

She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

注意： not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.

4)　neithe…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。

Neither you nor he is to blame.

20.2 比較and和or

1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。

2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點：

There is no air or water in the moon.

There is no air and no water on the moon.

在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。

典型例題

---I don't like chicken ___ fish.

---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.

A. and; and　 B. and; but　C. or; but　D. or;and

答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。

判斷改錯：

(錯) We will die without air and water.

(錯) We can't live without air or water.

(對) We will die without air or water.

(對) We can't live without air and water.

20.3 表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)

1) or　意思為"否則"。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

2) either…or　意思為"或者……或者……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。

Either you or I am right.

20.4 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?/strong>