專門替中國人寫的英語語法8-1：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

　　8-1 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

　　任何一個(gè)英文句子必定有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，請先注意以下例句的動(dòng)詞

　　1.He was a teacher before.

　　2.He went to school yesterday.

　　3.He hit a dog.

　　4.I saw you yesterday.

　　5.He walks to school every day.

　　6.He sent this book to me.

　　7.They are good students.

　　8.He wrote two novels.

　　9.They ate all of the apples.

　　10.He swims every morning.

　　在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verbs)。這些動(dòng)詞后面都跟著一個(gè)名詞，而這個(gè)名詞是動(dòng)詞的受詞(object)，其它句子的動(dòng)詞，都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗麄兌紱]有任何受詞。 我們將以上句子中，主詞、及物動(dòng)詞和受詞的關(guān)系分析如下：

　　句子

　　He hit a dog.

　　I saw you yesterday.

　　He sent his book to me.

　　He wrote two novels.

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　主詞

　　He

　　I

　　He

　　He

　　They

　　及物動(dòng)詞

　　hit

　　saw

　　sent

　　wrote

　　ate

　　受詞

　　dog

　　you

　　his book

　　two novels

　　all of the apples

　　一旦動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，我們就可以將這個(gè)句子由原來的主動(dòng)語氣(active voice)改成被動(dòng)語氣(passive voice)。但我們也要警告讀者，不要輕易用被動(dòng)語氣，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)被動(dòng)語氣的句子是不自然的。