國際關系英語詞匯大全Unit 38

　　英語單詞講解 unit 38

　　1.Hugo Grotius

　　Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot, Hugo Grocio or Hugo de Groot, was a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright, historiographer, poet, statesman and diplomat.

　　1.胡果·格老秀斯

　　胡果·格老秀斯，又譯為格勞秀斯、格勞秀士(1583年4月10日-1645年8月28日)，出生于荷蘭，基督教護教學者，亦為國際法及海洋法鼻祖，其《海洋自由論》主張公海是可以自由航行，為當時新興的海權國家如荷蘭、英國提供了相關法律原則的基礎，以突破當時西班牙和英國對海洋貿(mào)易的壟斷，并反對炮艦外交。其名Hugo(胡果)在國際公法首次傳入中國時，被譯為虎哥。

　　2.Jean Bodin

　　Jean Bodin (1530–1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments, favouring the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife. Toward the end of his life he wrote, but did not publish, a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology, in which all agreed to coexist in concord.

　　2.讓·博丹

　　讓·博丹(1530年-1596年)，是法國的律師、國會議員和法學教授，因他的主權理論而被視為政治科學之父。代表作《國家六論》，與霍布斯、波舒哀等人同為西方絕對君主制理論的集大成者。讓·博丹出生于法國宗教改革的動蕩時期。著書反對法國的宗教沖突。他雖然名義上仍為天主教徒，但對教皇的權威高于法國君主持批評的態(tài)度。主張由法國國王實施中央專制來取代派系紛爭。在臨近生命結束時，他完成了不同宗教之間的對話，其中包括了伊斯蘭教、猶太教和自然神學。他的主張是各種宗教和諧共存。

　　3.John Ikenberry

　　Gilford John Ikenberry (October 5, 1954) is a theorist of international relations and United States foreign policy, and a professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

　　3.約翰·伊肯伯里

　　約翰·伊肯伯里，美國芝加哥大學政治學博士(1985)，曾任美國喬冶城大學埃德蒙·沃爾什外交學院教授(地理政治與全球正義)，現(xiàn)任美國普林斯頓大學政治與國際關系學教授。他還是卡耐基國際和平基金會的高級研究員、伍德羅·威爾遜國際學者中心(華盛頓特區(qū))的會員。著有《大戰(zhàn)勝利之后》(After Victory：Institutions,Strategic Restraint,and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars)、《國家權力與世界市場》(State Power and Wortd Markets：The International Political Economy)、《國家理性：石油政治與美國政府能力》(Reasons of State：Oil Politics and the Capacities of American Government)等。