CNN News:耶魯大學(xué)對三到六月大嬰兒展開辨別能力研究調(diào)查，調(diào)查結(jié)果令人吃驚

If you`ve spent any time around babies, so we are talking children three to six months in age, you know they can express themselves. Smiling when happy, crying when - well, whenever. But do they know right from wrong? Good from bad? Do babies have a sense of morality? A scientist at Yale University says psychologists have long felt that babies knew nothing in that area. One study is changing that, but there is a caveat.

如果你和孩子相處過的話就知道我們會(huì)和3個(gè)月到6個(gè)月大的小寶貝們交流，那個(gè)階段的孩子已經(jīng)知道表達(dá)自己的情感，高興就笑不順心就撒潑?；覗|西，哭鬧不停。但是他們能分辨對錯(cuò)嗎?知道好壞嗎?嬰兒有道德感嗎?耶魯大學(xué)一位科學(xué)家說心理學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為孩子在嬰兒時(shí)期不能做到以上提到的這些行為，但是現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)研究正在改變這一結(jié)論，但是這項(xiàng)研究有一個(gè)令人驚訝的結(jié)果。

These babies at Yale University`s Infant Cognition Center are here to watch a puppet show. A show designed to illustrate examples of good and bad behavior. Watch as this puppet struggles to open a box. A green bunny comes along and helps to open the box. Green bunny is nice and helpful. Then, an orange bunny comes along and slams the box shut. The orange bunny is mean and unhelpful. But what does this mean to six-months old and three months old babies? After repeated shows, they are presented with two puppets. The nice green bunny and the mean orange bunny. Which one will they choose?

在耶魯大學(xué)嬰兒認(rèn)知中心的這些嬰兒需要觀看一場木偶表演。這個(gè)木偶表演展示的是好的行為和不好的行為。看著這個(gè)木偶掙扎著打開一個(gè)箱子，一只綠色的兔子恰好過來幫助它一起打開箱子，這只綠色的兔子又漂亮又友善。然后一直橙色的兔子也過來了但是把箱子關(guān)上了，這只橙色的兔子又小氣又不友善。但這對于三到六個(gè)月大的嬰兒來講意味著什么呢?經(jīng)過反復(fù)觀看表演他們被要求選擇其中一直兔子，是選善良友好的綠兔子呢還是選小氣煩人的橙色兔子呢?

Over 80 percent of babies like the nice puppet. So we see babies recognizing good and bad characters. But do they then try to avoid the bad guy? The good bunny has one graham cracker, the bad bunny has two. Which one will the babies choose? Over 80 percent of babies will take one cracker from the nice guy avoiding the mean guy, even though he has one more cracker.

實(shí)踐證明有超過80%的嬰兒會(huì)選擇行為善良的那只木偶，所以我們可以看到嬰兒在那個(gè)時(shí)期是有好壞意識(shí)的。但是他們會(huì)拒絕選擇那只壞木偶么?好的木偶只有一個(gè)全麥餅干，但是壞的卻有兩個(gè)。他們又將會(huì)做怎樣選擇呢?實(shí)踐證明超過80%的孩子依然會(huì)選擇好木偶，盡管它只有一塊全麥餅干。

But if the mean guy has eight crackers, and the nice guy just one cracker? Now, which one will the baby choose? 65 percent of babies will take the crackers from the mean guy. According to the study, more crackers means more willingness to overlook dealing with the bad guy.

但是如果壞木偶有八塊餅干而好木偶只有一塊呢?孩子們怎樣選擇呢?65%的孩子會(huì)選擇壞木偶從而得到更多餅干。研究表明，誘惑更多走入歧途的可能性更大。