軍爭篇 NO.3:
故不知諸侯之謀者,不能豫交;
不知山林、險(xiǎn)阻、沮澤之形者,不能行軍;
不用鄉(xiāng)導(dǎo)者,不能得地利。
故兵以詐立,以利動,以分和為變者也。
故其疾如風(fēng),其徐如林,侵掠如火,不動如山,難知如陰,動如雷震。
掠鄉(xiāng)分眾,廓地分利,懸權(quán)而動。
先知迂直之計(jì)者勝,此軍爭之法也。
這句啥意思:
所以不了解諸侯各國的圖謀,就不要和他們結(jié)成聯(lián)盟;
不知道山林、險(xiǎn)阻和沼澤的地形分布,不能行軍;
不使用向?qū)?,就不能掌握和利用有利的地形?/p>
所以,用兵是憑借施詭詐出奇兵而獲勝的,根據(jù)是否有利于獲勝決定行動,根據(jù)雙方情勢或分兵或集中為主要變化。
按照戰(zhàn)場形勢的需要,部隊(duì)行動迅速時(shí),如狂風(fēng)飛旋;行進(jìn)從容時(shí),如森林徐徐展開;攻城掠地時(shí),如烈火迅猛;駐守防御時(shí),如大山巋然;軍情隱蔽時(shí),如烏云蔽日;大軍出動時(shí),如雷霆萬鈞。
奪取敵方的財(cái)物,擄掠百姓,應(yīng)分兵行動。開拓疆土,分奪利益,應(yīng)該分兵扼守要害。這些都應(yīng)該權(quán)衡利弊,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,相機(jī)行事。
率先知道“迂直之計(jì)”的將獲勝,這就是軍爭的原則。
英文這么說:
We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices,its marshes and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or to divide yourtroops,must be decided by circumstances.
Let your rapidity be that of the wind,your compactness that of the forest. In raiding andplundering be like fire,is immovability like a mountain. Let your plans be dark and impenetrableas night,and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when youcapture new territory,cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. Ponder anddeliberate before you make a move.
He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. Such is the art of maneuvering.
白話分析
軍爭是指在軍事行動中爭取戰(zhàn)場的主動,里面提到了迂直,其實(shí)就是指要延緩對方行動,加快自己的部署,率先進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)場有利位置。而其中行軍就是很重要的一點(diǎn)。前面四句就是所謂“風(fēng)林火山”,說的是“行軍和攻守轉(zhuǎn)換”。軍隊(duì)快的時(shí)候要如風(fēng)一般,隊(duì)伍要整齊。攻勢的時(shí)候要像烈火一樣猛烈,防守時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)像山一樣巍然不動。這里體現(xiàn)出的是一種治軍的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和將帥決策的果斷。“掠鄉(xiāng)分眾,廓地分利,懸權(quán)而動”,后面三句講的是攻城要分兵而進(jìn),防守要看準(zhǔn)要害部屬防守兵力。行軍中只有權(quán)衡好利害關(guān)系才能在戰(zhàn)爭中取等先機(jī)!