《孫子兵法》第4期:第一章 始計(4)

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始記篇 NO.4：

故校之以七計，而索其情。

曰：主孰有道?將孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵眾孰強(qiáng)?士卒孰練?賞罰孰明?

吾以此知勝負(fù)矣。

這句啥意思：

所以，要通過對雙方各種情況的考察分析，并據(jù)此加以比較，從而來預(yù)測戰(zhàn)爭勝負(fù)。

哪一方的君主是有道明君，能得民心?哪一方的將領(lǐng)更有能力?哪一方占有天時地利?哪一方的法規(guī)、法令更能嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行?哪一方資源更充足，裝備更精良，兵員更廣大?哪一方的士兵訓(xùn)練更有素，更有戰(zhàn)斗力?哪一方的賞罰更公正嚴(yán)明?

通過這些比較，我就知道了勝負(fù)。

英文這么說：

Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let thembe made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:--

Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? Which of the two generals has mostability? With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? On which side isdiscipline most rigorously enforced? Which army is stronger? On which side are officers andmen more highly trained? In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward andpunishment?

By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.

《豆瓣書評》

做一件復(fù)雜的需要慎重考慮的事情，可以把它分解為不同的部分，每個部分又可從細(xì)分成更小的部分一一加以考慮。要考慮各個環(huán)節(jié)，不僅僅要注意顯性的因素(打仗)，還要發(fā)現(xiàn)不那么明顯的因素(前期，中期要保障后勤/后期要鞏固戰(zhàn)果)。孫子沒能再進(jìn)一步闡明各個部分有什么關(guān)系(邏輯?孰輕孰重?)，只是簡單地說了一句‘能因敵之變化而取勝者，謂之神’，這也是將領(lǐng)最大的價值之一。分解的對象也可以是具體的兵力，先分散敵人再集中精力各個突破。