思馬得英語100個(gè)句子學(xué)英語語法（28）：過去完成時(shí)

　　<例句>

　　I had thought to return early but they wouldn't let me go.

　　我本想早點(diǎn)回來的，但他們不讓我走。

　　<語法分析>

　　在談及由hope, intend, mean以及think等詞所表達(dá)的未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，可以用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，這是該時(shí)態(tài)的常見用法。所為過去完成時(shí)態(tài)就是過去時(shí)與完成時(shí)的結(jié)合，它表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)期或時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的時(shí)間一直延伸到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻。

　　<觸類旁通>

　　(1) When I arrived she had just left.

　　我到達(dá)的時(shí)候，她剛剛離開。

　　語法分析：過去完成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)前某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生，可以說是過去的過去。

　　(2) I heard that he made an important discovery.

　　我聽說他有了一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　語法分析：過去完成時(shí)常用在賓語從句中，尤其用在間接引語中。

　　(3) As soon as she had done it, she knew it was a mistake.

　　她剛一動(dòng)手就知道做錯(cuò)了。

　　語法分析：在狀語從句中，也用過去完成時(shí)。

　　(4) I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.

　　我原打算過來看你，但受阻未來成。

　　語法分析：有些詞如hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want以及think等有時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做，曾經(jīng)設(shè)想而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的事。

　　(5) He got here before I had got up.

　　我還未起床，他就來了。

　　語法分析：before之后可用過去完成時(shí)，表示一個(gè)過去未完成或未能來得及完成的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間遲于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。

　　(6) We would get into trouble as soon as the gas had run out.

　　汽油一用完，我們就會(huì)陷入困境。

　　語法分析：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，過去完成時(shí)可大體過去將來完成時(shí)。

　　<鞏固練習(xí)>

　　(1) She told me that she ______[break] her glasses yesterday.

　　(2) The bell rang before I ______[complete] my paper.

　　(3) I _____[think] that he had died at least two years ago.

　　(4) I _____[hope] to enter a university, but didn't.

　　(5) The concert was more successful than she _____[think].

　　(6) She wore the necklace her mother _____[leave] her.

　　(7) When he _____[sing] his song he sat down.

　　(8) She told me that she _____[know] me since she was a child.

　　<參考答案>

　　(1) had broken (2) had completed (3) has thought (4) had hoped (5) had thought (6) had left (7) had sung (8) had known