2017英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)練習(xí)(8)

　　Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1__to kins (親戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2__for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3__

　　However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4__But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5__It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.

　　Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationship do not differ between more and less urban __6__people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than do big __7_ city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Or are residents of large communities __8__any likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation __9__

　　than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust for strangers. __10__

　　答案及解析:

　　1.loosed改為loosened

　　盡管loose也可作及物動(dòng)詞，但它的含義是“松開(kāi)，解開(kāi)，發(fā)射，釋放”等具象的含義，在這里語(yǔ)義不符，而loosen則往往與tie、control、discipline、restriction這樣的詞連用表示抽象含義。

　　2.kins改為kin

　　kin是集體名詞，用單數(shù)表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念，相當(dāng)于relatives，另外，kin作主語(yǔ)的話(huà)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(記得上次的machinery么，也是這個(gè)改法)

　　3.去掉for

　　在substitute A for B 的用法中，for引導(dǎo)的是被代替項(xiàng)而不是代替項(xiàng)。

　　4.(than you)^ do

　　兩個(gè)比較分句如果謂語(yǔ)部分相同則可以省略后一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)，或者用do來(lái)代替。

　　5.去掉a

　　6.relationship改為relationships

　　Relationship既可以作可數(shù)名詞又可以作不可數(shù)名詞。由于前面有 the number of 這樣分詞修飾，這里relationship應(yīng)該當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞。

　　7.do改為are

　　兩個(gè)比較分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該同是be involved，如果將后一個(gè)比較分句里的動(dòng)詞部分省略，保留下來(lái)的也應(yīng)該是be動(dòng)詞，而不是do。

　　8.or改為nor

　　前句話(huà)是否定結(jié)尾的，本句也應(yīng)是否定的含義。

　　9.likely改為likelier

　　由于有than出現(xiàn)，這里是一個(gè)比較句。

　　10.for 改為of

　　distrust 后往往跟of，不跟for，如：a distrust of the media。

　　It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your

　　neighbors you will know no one else.

　　這話(huà)初看有點(diǎn)別扭。follow有這么個(gè)意思，：

　　必然是…的后果，必然有…后果，所以這里大概意思是：不認(rèn)識(shí)什么鄰居并不意味著你也不認(rèn)識(shí)其他人。例如：He is good，it does not follow that he is wise。