2017英語專業(yè)八級語法改錯(cuò)練習(xí)(5)

　　There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1__creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2__whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3__can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures

　　yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4__the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil.

　　Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5__No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6__the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.

　　But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7__

　　means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8__of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9__which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10__

　　答案及解析:

　　1.numbers改為quantities

　　animal oil 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用number of 來修飾。可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞有：

　　a bit of，a large amount of，a great deal of，a lot of，plenty of，a large quantity of。

　　2.cover改為covering

　　cover和covering雖然都是名詞，意思卻不一樣。前者是“封面，蓋子”，后者是“遮蓋物，覆蓋物”，可以說藍(lán)鯨的脂肪是它防寒的遮蓋物，而不能說是“蓋子”。

　　3.board前面加on

　　board可以作為名詞和介詞on連用表示“在(船，飛機(jī)，車)上”，如：on board the ship 就是“在船上”。

　　4.and改成but

　　前后兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。

　　5.chemist改為chemists

　　文中要表達(dá)的是“在藥店”，那么應(yīng)該“介詞+名詞屬格”表示地點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該是at any chemist’s.

　　6.去掉not

　　7.one改為he/he or she

　　代詞的先行此是politician和engineer，這是一類通性名詞，既可以是男性也可以是女性，這類名詞以單數(shù)形式表示類指時(shí)，通常用相應(yīng)的陽性代詞he，有時(shí)也用he or she。

　　8.machineries改為machinery/machines

　　machinery是不可數(shù)的集體名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　9.men改為man或者the(common men)的the去掉

　　the common man 是類指，既然有定冠詞，那么應(yīng)該用man的單數(shù)形式，或者保留復(fù)數(shù)men而去掉定冠詞。

　　10.horse-drawing改為horse-drawn

　　“用馬拉的車”，draw和carriage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)很多同學(xué)對oil的用法不熟悉，這里再簡單說一下吧：

　　oil 表示油，油脂的時(shí)候是不可數(shù)的

　　cod-liver oil 魚肝油

　　crude oil 原油

　　所以第一個(gè)改錯(cuò) great number of oil come from whales 不需要把oil 改為復(fù)數(shù)的

　　但是大家可能被第一句 There are three main group of oils:animal, vegetable and mineral 迷惑了，這里的 oil 是可數(shù)的，表示不同種類的油,如

　　Animal and vegetable oils are used in cooking and medicine.