如何理解集合名詞表示整體與表示個體
有的英語初學者對英語中有些集合名詞既可表單數(shù)意義也可表復(fù)數(shù)意義不是很理解。其實,很簡單,使用的基本原則是:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。這類集合名詞比較常見的有:army(軍隊),audience(觀眾),committee(委員會),crew(全體船員,全體乘務(wù)員,全體工作人員),enemy(敵人),family(家人),government(政府),group(一組,一群),public(公眾),staff(全體職工,全體人員),team(隊)等。比較:
My family is very large [big]. 我家是大家庭。
My family are all very well. 我家里人都很好。
Which team is the best? 哪個隊打得最好?
The football team are having a rest. 足球隊隊員們在休息。
The crew is large. 工作人員眾多。
The crew of the plane are ten in all. 這架飛機的機組人員一共10人。
有時句子中帶有明顯的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)標志,則應(yīng)分別按單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)處理。如:
The public is the best judge.=The public are the best judges. 公眾是最好的判斷者。
如果句子沒有特定的上下文,有時既可當作整體看待(即視為單數(shù)),也可當作個體看待(即視為復(fù)數(shù))。如:
The enemy was [were] forced to retreat. 敵人被迫撤退。
The school’s teaching staff is [are] excellent. 學校師資很不錯。
The army was [were] called out to enforce the curfew. 軍隊被派去強制執(zhí)行宵禁。
Our discussion group is [are] meeting this week. 我們的討論小組本周開會。
The Government is [are] planning new tax increases. 政府正在制定新的增稅方案。
The audience is [are] always very excited by a wonderful goal. 一個精彩的進球總會使觀眾們非常激動。
The committee who were [which was] responsible for this decision would consider it over again. 對這一決定負責的委員會是會重新考慮它的。