[名詞用法]dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)和用法規(guī)律

dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)和用法規(guī)律

這些詞的用法極為相似，需注意的用法有：

1. 當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，通常不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，也不后接介詞 of。如：

Down fell a dozen apples. 掉下來(lái)10來(lái)個(gè)蘋果。

He has lived here for two score years. 他已在這兒住了40年。

He was paid five hundred dollars. 他們付給了他500美元。

His wages were eight thousand pounds a year. 他的工資是每年8,000英鎊。

About three million workers were on strike. 參加罷工的大約有300百萬(wàn)工人。

幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：

(1) 有人認(rèn)為dozen和score與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)有時(shí)也接 of，但比較而言，dozen后很少接介詞of，而score后則接不接介詞of 均可以。

(2) 指特定人或物中的一部分時(shí)，其后必須用介詞of——此時(shí)of后接的要么是人稱代詞（如us, them），要么是帶有特指限定詞（如the, my, our, these, those等）的名詞。如：

About two hundred of them are students. 他們當(dāng)中大經(jīng)有200人是學(xué)生。

I want three dozen of these eggs. 這種雞蛋我要3打。

About three thousand of the workers were wounded. 工人中大約有3,000人受了傷。

(3) 當(dāng) million 用作中心詞（即其后不接名詞或數(shù)詞）時(shí)，有時(shí)也可帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s。如：

The television audience aggregated 30 millions. 電視觀眾合計(jì)達(dá)3,000萬(wàn)人。

2. 當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞of，然后才能接名詞。如：

The city has dozens of bus lines. 那座城市有好幾十路公共汽車。

Scores of volunteers offered to help. 很多志愿者主動(dòng)提供幫助。

We have been there hundreds of times. 那兒我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)數(shù)百次。

Thousands of students entered the contest. 數(shù)千名學(xué)生參加了這次比賽。

His investments amount to millions of dollars. 他的投資額達(dá)幾百萬(wàn)美元。

幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：

(1) 為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)可用tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, thousand and millions等。如：

Hundreds of thousands are homeless. 幾十萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸。

The dollar revenues each year were undoubtedly in the tens of millions. 每年美元稅收無(wú)疑數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)。

(2) 若其后不出現(xiàn)名詞，則不用介詞 of。如：

It cost thousands. 買這東西用了好幾千呢。

There are hundreds begging in the streets. 街上有數(shù)以百計(jì)的乞丐。

Her acting has given pleasure to millions. 她的表演給千百萬(wàn)人帶來(lái)娛樂(lè)享受。

3. 當(dāng)這些詞與 a few, several, many 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，帶不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 -s 均可，但是注意：若不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞-s，則通常不接介詞of；若帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，則其后必須要有介詞of。如：

油井向下延伸了數(shù)百英尺。

正：The oil well extended several hundred feet in depth.

正：The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.

誤：The oil well extended several hundreds feet in depth.(www.hxen.com)

當(dāng)然，若其后不接名詞，則自然不能接介詞of。如：

The devaluation of the pound has put our estimates out by several thousand(s). 英鎊一貶值使我們的估計(jì)數(shù)差了幾千鎊。