BBC News:研究發(fā)現(xiàn):克他命有治療抑郁的效果

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Ketamine is a horse tranquilizer but also a popular but illegal recreational drug on the club scene. Now researchers in the English National Health Service say it could be a dramatic new treatment for depression. They've conducted a small trial. A mother of a 32-year old woman who’s part of that trial said the drug had had an immediate effect on her daughter.

克他命是一種馬安定劑，也是在娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)合受歡迎的違法消遣性藥物。如今，英國(guó)國(guó)民健康服務(wù)研究人員稱，克他命可能成為對(duì)抗抑郁的新武器。他們做了一項(xiàng)小型的試驗(yàn)。一位32歲的試驗(yàn)參與者，據(jù)她的母親說(shuō)，這種藥物在她女兒身上有立竿見(jiàn)影的效果。

“After she’s had the treatment, she’s already feeling better before we leave the hospital. It works that quickly. And she sort of got a lot more confidence in herself when she had the treatment. She is chatty and she’ll talk to people. She is not first withdrawn as she would normally be. And she can concentrate better and after one lot of the treatment, she went out for a walk on her own the day after which she’s not done, or probably in last ten years.”

“接受治療后，沒(méi)等我們離開(kāi)醫(yī)院，她就感覺(jué)好多了。就是這么快。用藥后她似乎對(duì)自己更有信心了，變得健談了，也愿意跟別人說(shuō)話。不像之前，一直沉默寡言。一個(gè)療程后，她的注意力能更好地集中在一件事上。第二天，她自己就出去散步了，這可能是10年來(lái)的第一次。”

How exactly does Ketamine work?

克他命的作用原理是怎樣的呢?

Over the past 20 years, we found that most anti-depressants, while they may act on other receptors and other transmitters in the brain, they also seem to have some effect on this receptor, the MDA receptor. And people in the 1990s thought why don’t we just go straight to that receptor? So what we see now really is the results of the number of trials that have been done with Ketamine in depression over the past 10 or 15 years. And the report today actually describes the outcomes for people that were treated. So this is really the first time we've seen results from standard use of medicine if you like, rather than a controlled clinical trial.

近20年來(lái)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)抗抑郁劑在作用到其他大腦受體和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的同時(shí)，也似乎對(duì)MDA受體產(chǎn)生影響。因此，上世紀(jì)90 年代，人們就想，為什么不讓藥物直接作用到該受體?所以，在過(guò)去10到15年中，人們用克他命做試驗(yàn)，才得到今天的結(jié)果。試驗(yàn)報(bào)告描述的其實(shí)是人們接受治 療后的狀況。這是第一次通過(guò)規(guī)范用藥得到的結(jié)果，而不是通過(guò)臨床對(duì)照試驗(yàn)。

Many people will be familiar with Ketamine from its reputation in the club scene as being are creational and sometimes very dangerous drug as well as hearing about its use in veterinary medicine. How does the use differ in the clinical setting?

克他命對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)不陌生，是因?yàn)樗菉蕵?lè)場(chǎng)所常見(jiàn)的消遣性藥品，具有一定危險(xiǎn)性。獸醫(yī)也經(jīng)常用到克他命。臨床環(huán)境不同，克他命的使用有什么不同呢?

Well, Ketamine does a lot of very different things. So, for example, it’s licensed as anintravenous agent to induce sleep in children. In veterinary medicine, it’s used as a pain reliever. And also it’s used illicitly. Now the doses and the weight given vary dramatically. So generally, recreational use is very very high doses. And that’s often snorted into the nose. In depression, we use in pretty low doses, which sometimes but not always, give rise to a few adverse effect, but not often.

克他命用處很多。例如，它是法律許可的兒童催眠靜脈注射劑。在獸醫(yī)學(xué)上，它是鎮(zhèn)痛藥。當(dāng)然，克他命也經(jīng)常被非法使用。使用劑量 根據(jù)具體情況而定。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作為消遣性藥品使用時(shí)，劑量非常大，通常經(jīng)由鼻子攝入體內(nèi)。在治療抑郁時(shí)，我們的用量是很少的，該藥品雖然偶爾會(huì)有些副作 用，但這樣的情況不常見(jiàn)。