母乳喂養(yǎng)或許可以提高子女智商和收入

Breast-Feeding May Have Benefits Decades Later

母乳喂養(yǎng)或許可以提高子女智商和收入

Breast-feeding has well established short-term benefits, but now researchers have found that its advantages may persist into adulthood.

母乳喂養(yǎng)的短期效益早已得到世人公認(rèn)，現(xiàn)在，研究人員又發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種優(yōu)勢可能會一直持續(xù)到孩子成年之后。

Many studies of breast-feeding are confounded by social factors — in the United States, for example, people of higher socioeconomic status tend to breast-feed longer. But the population in this study covered a wide-ranging socioeconomic spectrum of women who breast-fed.

許多關(guān)于母乳喂養(yǎng)的研究都受到了社會因素的干擾，例如，在美國，社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較高的母親行母乳喂養(yǎng)的時間較長。但是，這項(xiàng)新研究所考察的人群涵蓋了社會經(jīng)濟(jì)各個階層中進(jìn)行母乳喂養(yǎng)的女性。

The study, in the April issue of Lancet Global Health, began in 1982 with 5,914 newborns. The duration of breast-feeding and the age when the babies began eating solid foods was recorded. Thirty years later, researchers were able to interview and test 3,493 of the original group.

這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《柳葉刀：全球衛(wèi)生》雜志(Lancet Global Health)4月號上的研究始于1982年，涉及5914名新生兒。研究人員記錄了母乳喂養(yǎng)的持續(xù)時間和嬰兒開始食用固體食物時的年齡。30年后，當(dāng)年的那些新生兒長大成人，其中3493人接受了研究人員的訪談和測試。

After controlling for maternal education and smoking, family income, birth weight and other factors, they found that at age 30, compared with people breast-fed for a month or less, those breast-fed 12 months or more had higher I.Q. scores, more years of education and higher monthly incomes.

在對母親的受教育程度和吸煙情況、家庭收入、嬰兒的出生體重和其他因素進(jìn)行核驗(yàn)后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，同樣是30歲，與母乳喂養(yǎng)不超過一個月的人相比，得到母乳喂養(yǎng)至少12個月的人智商得分較高，受教育年限較長，月收入也較多。

Still, the authors acknowledge that this is an observational study, and that many other unmeasured factors could have influenced their results.

不過，作者承認(rèn)，這只是一項(xiàng)觀測研究，而且許多別的不可測因素也可能會影響他們的結(jié)果。

“I don’t want to terrify people who did not breast-feed or who breast-fed for a short time,” said the lead author, Bernardo Lessa Horta, an associate professor at the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil. “It isn’t only breast-feeding that affects I.Q. and income. But our study does show that breast-feeding is important and should be encouraged.”

“我不想嚇到那些沒有得到過母乳喂養(yǎng)或者母乳喂養(yǎng)時間很短的人，”該研究的主要作者，巴西貝羅塔斯聯(lián)邦大學(xué)(Federal University of Pelotas)的副教授貝爾納多·萊薩·奧爾塔(Bernardo Lessa Horta)說。“母乳喂養(yǎng)并非影響智商和收入的唯一因素。但我們的研究確實(shí)顯示，母乳喂養(yǎng)非常重要，應(yīng)予以鼓勵。”