世界各地的高校入學(xué)考試匯總

June 7 is a big day for people in China aiming to undertake higher education as the National College Entrance Exam, or gaokao, falls that day. The exam has long been controversial for imposing uniformity in picking talents. Do students in other countries have to suffer similar pressures to win university places? Let's have a look。

對(duì)中國(guó)許多有志接受高等教育的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，6月7日是個(gè)大日子，因?yàn)檫@是高考的第一天。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)，高考制度因其單一的人才選拔制度而飽受爭(zhēng)議，那么其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生是否也需要承擔(dān)如此壓力才能進(jìn)入心儀的大學(xué)呢?讓我們一起來(lái)看看吧。

1.Each year, millions of Chinese sit the exam which is held normally on June 7-8.

每年6月7、8日兩天，中國(guó)上百萬(wàn)的學(xué)生參加高考。

It is taken by students in their final year of senior high school without age restriction. Last year 9.12 million students took the exam. Although university admission is rising, with more than 90 percent in some provinces, to enter a good university one still needs go through fierce competition。

高考在學(xué)生高三最后學(xué)年結(jié)束時(shí)舉行，去年有912萬(wàn)考生應(yīng)考。盡管高考的大學(xué)錄取率在提高，有些省份高達(dá)90%以上，但想要進(jìn)入一個(gè)理想的好大學(xué)還是要經(jīng)過(guò)高考的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

2. The American College Testing assessment (ACT) and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) are the two main college entrance exams administered in the United States。

ACT美國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試和SAT美國(guó)高考，是美國(guó)施行的兩種主要高校入學(xué)考試。

While the SAT measures a student's ability to learn, the ACT was created as an alternative, measuring a student's educational development. Although many US colleges accept both exams, most students take the ACT. Each year nearly two million students pay a registration fee of about $50 to take the test, which is administered six times throughout the year. Students can also retake the exam for a better score。

SAT考查學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力，而ACT作為一門自選考試、考查學(xué)生的教育發(fā)展能力。雖然美國(guó)大多數(shù)大學(xué)對(duì)兩種考試都持認(rèn)可態(tài)度，但大部分學(xué)生參加ACT考試。每年有將近2000萬(wàn)考生支付50美元的報(bào)考費(fèi)，一年又6次報(bào)考機(jī)會(huì)。學(xué)生可以重復(fù)參加考試以獲取最好成績(jī)。

3. The United Kingdom does not have a specific standardized test for determining college admission。

英國(guó)沒有統(tǒng)一的大學(xué)入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試。

Instead, each college sets up its own admissions criteria, which often only involves submission of transcripts and participation in an interview. There are subject-specific exams used by some colleges, but they are not as comprehensive as tests like the ACT and gaokao. High school academic performance is by far the main determining factor, rather than test scores or other credentials。

替而代之的，每個(gè)大學(xué)都有自己的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有些只需上交成績(jī)單并進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)面試就可以了。有些大學(xué)采用針對(duì)學(xué)科的考試，但這些考試都不像ACT和高考這樣綜合全面。目前，中學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)是英國(guó)大學(xué)錄取的主要因素，而不是僅憑某一考試分?jǐn)?shù)或其他證書。

4.The so-called college entrance examination is equal to the baccalaureate in June in France。

法國(guó)6月份的畢業(yè)考和所謂的“高考”等同。

Students interested in higher education have to choose between two types of educational institutes: Universities and Competitive Institutes (Grandes Ecoles). French universities are open to all students who have passed their baccalaureate. But getting into a "grande école" is a whole different game where entry is at "bac+2" level, the level of the third year of university studies。

對(duì)高等教育有興趣的同學(xué)可以選擇兩種學(xué)校就讀：大學(xué)或有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的學(xué)院(法國(guó)“大學(xué)校”)。法國(guó)大學(xué)對(duì)所有通過(guò)畢業(yè)考的學(xué)生開放，但想進(jìn)入“大學(xué)校”則有不同的準(zhǔn)入規(guī)則，入學(xué)的學(xué)生必須達(dá)到bac+2水平，等同于大學(xué)三年級(jí)的水平。

5.In Japan there is a National Center Test for University Admissions, a standardized test used by public and some private universities。

日本則為大學(xué)準(zhǔn)入安排了全國(guó)性大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試為眾多公立和私立大學(xué)所采納。

Because students only have one chance to take the test each year, there is great pressure to perform well and the majority of senior high school education is devoted to this single test. This year, 561,000 students sat the entrance examination in January。

由于學(xué)生每年只有一次機(jī)會(huì)參加考試，所以要一次考好就會(huì)給學(xué)生很大壓力，進(jìn)而日本高中教育的重點(diǎn)都是為了這一場(chǎng)考試。今年1月，日本有561000學(xué)生參加大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。

6.College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) or college entrance exam is held in November each year in South Korea。

每年11月份，韓國(guó)都要舉行大學(xué)修學(xué)能力測(cè)試(CSAT)或者大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。

CSAT plays an important role in the country's education and it is commonly believed that the test paves the way and life of most high school graduates. On the test day, the stock markets open late and buses and subways are increased to avoid traffic jams that may prevent students from getting to testing sites. Students who are late for the tests are escorted by police officers。

CSAT在韓國(guó)的教育中扮演著重要角色，通常認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)考試決定著大部分高中畢業(yè)生的前途和命運(yùn)。在考試這一天，股票市場(chǎng)開盤推遲、公車地鐵班次增加以避免交通堵塞，這一切都是為保證學(xué)生能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)考場(chǎng)。有遲到危險(xiǎn)的考生還會(huì)得到交警的護(hù)送。

7.There is no common college entrance exam in India。

在印度沒有公共大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。

Tests, a must for every university and college, are conducted by several institutions and students are selected on different criteria. The exams are based on various syllabi and are mostly conducted for the higher level of education。

在印度，每個(gè)大學(xué)都要通過(guò)測(cè)試來(lái)考核錄取學(xué)生，而考試則由幾個(gè)院校管理主持，高校根據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)挑選學(xué)生?？荚嚫鶕?jù)不同的教學(xué)大綱進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，以服務(wù)高等教育遴選學(xué)生。

8.High School National Exam (ENEM) is a non-mandatory, standardized Brazilian national exam, which evaluates high school students in November。

在巴西，國(guó)家高考(ENEM)是非強(qiáng)制性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化國(guó)家考試，每年11月舉行，以考核中學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)水平。

The ENEM is the most important exam of its kind in Brazil, since it has been used as an admission test for enrollment in federal universities and educational institutes. Also it's used for certification for a high school degree. In 2013, about 7 million people registered for the exam。

ENEM國(guó)家高考在巴西是同類考試中最重要的考試，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)被當(dāng)做聯(lián)邦大學(xué)和學(xué)院的準(zhǔn)入考試。同時(shí)，它也被用來(lái)授予中學(xué)學(xué)位。2013年，巴西約700萬(wàn)考試參加ENEM國(guó)家高考。