如何給人留下良好第一印象?

Each time you pick up the phone and chat with a new person, that stranger is subconciously judging you from your first "hello." Don't get mad: you, too, are judging them. New research indicates that we begin to form first impressions based on how someone says "hello," ScienceNOW reports—specifically, on how the tone of their voice sounds。

每當(dāng)你和一個陌生人通過電話聊天，他下意識地會根據(jù)你的第一句“哈啰”來評價你。別生氣：你也是這樣評價他們的?！督袢湛茖W(xué)》雜志報道稱，新研究表明我們根據(jù)別人是如何說“哈啰”，即問好的方式，迅速形成第一印象------具體地來說，是根據(jù)他們的聲調(diào)。

Researchers in the U.K. recruited around 60 undergraduate students—half male, half female—and recorded them reading a short passage in a non-descript voice, ScienceNOW describes. The team edited down the recordings, leaving only the part where the students picked up the phone and said "hello." They then asked over 300 other students to listen to the recordings of that single word and asked to give an impression of the unseen person speaking it, such as how trustworthy they thought that person was or how warm their personality sounded. (ScienceNOW provides links for listening to both a supposedly trustworthy and an untrustworthy person say "hello.")

《今日科學(xué)》報道稱，英國的研究人員調(diào)查者雇用了60名本科生——其中男女各一半——請他們用非描述性聲音朗讀一小段話，并錄音。調(diào)查團(tuán)隊對錄音進(jìn)行剪輯，只留下學(xué)生拿起電話說“你好”那部分。然后，他們另外邀請了300多名學(xué)生聽“哈羅”的錄音，請他們給出對這個尚未謀面的說話者的印象，例如此人是否可靠或者性格是否溫和。(《今日科學(xué)》提供鏈接，讓人聽聽被猜想為是可靠和不可靠的人是如何說“哈羅”的)。

The students didn't hesitate to make judgements about the speakers at the other end of the line, and on average their assessments of those individuals' personalities converged, ScienceNOW reprots. Here's more on those findings:

《今日科學(xué)》表示，學(xué)生聽完后，毫不猶豫地就對說話者作出判斷;大多數(shù)人對同一個聲音作出的判斷大致相同。更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)：

Men who raised the tone of their voices, and women who alternated the pitch of their voices were rated as more trustworthy. Men with lower pitched voices were generally perceived as more dominant. But the opposite was true for women: Those with higher average pitch were rated as more dominant。

一般來說，大家覺得提高聲調(diào)的男性和交替音調(diào)的女性更可靠。音調(diào)低沉的男性比較強勢，而女性則相反，大家認(rèn)為音調(diào)高的女性更強勢。

Our vocal tones, the resarchers conclude, are just one more trait on the list of things we are judged by—and use to judge—each time we encounter a new person, even if we have no control over some of those traits。

調(diào)查者總結(jié)說，音調(diào)是人們用于相互評價的特征之一：每當(dāng)我們遇上一個新朋友，別人就會根據(jù)音調(diào)評價我們——我們也會根據(jù)音調(diào)評價對方——即使我們無法控制其中一些特征。