新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)詳解第33課:Out of the darkness

Lesson 33:Out of the darkness 沖出黑暗

First listen and then answer the question.

聽錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。

Why was the girl in hospital?

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

darkness n.

explain v.

coast n.

storm n.

towards prep.

rock n.

shore n.

light n.

ahead adv.

cliff n.

struggle v.

hospital n.

參考譯文

幾乎過(guò)了一個(gè)星期，那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船從海岸出發(fā)，遇上了風(fēng)暴。天將黑時(shí)，小船撞在了一塊礁石上，姑娘跳進(jìn)了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸邊。在那段時(shí)間里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有燈光，知道自己已經(jīng)接近岸邊了，因?yàn)槟菬艄馐窃诟吒叩那捅谏稀５竭_(dá)岸邊后，姑娘朝著她看到的燈光方向掙扎著往峭壁上爬去。她所記得的就是這些。第二天她醒來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。

自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀

1.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 幾乎過(guò)了一個(gè)星期，那姑娘才能講述自己的遭遇。

(1)

這句話有兩個(gè)從句。before一直到結(jié)尾是句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)從句中，explain又有自己的賓語(yǔ)從句，what為這個(gè)從句的主語(yǔ)。

(2) before在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)不一定譯為“在……之前”，雖然表達(dá)的是這個(gè)意思，如文中的這句話。類似的情況有：

It will be months before he can come back.

要過(guò)好幾個(gè)月他才能回來(lái)。

He ran off before his mother could stop him.

他母親還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

2.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船從海岸出發(fā)，遇上了風(fēng)暴。

(1)

我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò) set out表示“出發(fā)”：

Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.

艾利森船長(zhǎng)將于8點(diǎn)鐘啟航。

set out from表示“從……出發(fā)”。

(2) be caught in表示某人“(突然)遇到/上(風(fēng)暴等)”：

He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.

他在回家途中遇到了大雨。

3.Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸邊。

介詞after的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞spending及這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。

4.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段時(shí)間里，她游了8英里。

(1)that time指上句話中提到的the whole night。

(2)cover可以籠統(tǒng)地表示“行過(guò)(一段路程)”，根據(jù)上下文可具體譯為“走過(guò)”、“飛過(guò)”、“游過(guò)”等：

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

這只鳥用3分鐘飛完了全程。

(3)

表示具體的距離可以用“a distance of+ 具體長(zhǎng)度”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。

5.high up on the cliffs，

在高高的峭壁上。

up為形容詞，

表示“在上面的”、“高高的”、“在較高處的”，high為副詞，修飾up。

6.On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light she had seen.

到達(dá)岸邊后，姑娘朝著她看到的燈光方向掙扎著往峭壁上爬去。

(1)“on+ 動(dòng)名詞”相當(dāng)于 as soon as或 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.

他一到機(jī)場(chǎng)就被警察逮捕了。

(2) she had seen為 the light的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞 that/which省略了。

(3)up 在此處為介詞，表示“沿著……往上”。

7.That was all she remembered. 她所記得的就是這些。

that指前面(從第2句話開始)描述的內(nèi)容。she remembered為all 的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that(不能用which)被省略了。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

用于表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞(也被稱為小品詞)

(1)表示“上”、“下”

的兩對(duì)小品詞是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't fall off.吉姆正站在房頂上。我希望他不會(huì)掉下來(lái)。

Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.湯姆正在爬樹。我希望他不要摔下來(lái)。

(2)

表示“來(lái)”、“去”

的一對(duì)小品詞是from和to;towards的意義與to相近，表示“朝”、“向”、“接近”等; for在有些動(dòng)詞后面也表示“往”、“向”的意思：

He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.

他從莫斯科來(lái)。

他將要去紐約。

The plane flies from Moscow to New York.

這架飛機(jī)從莫斯科飛往紐約。

He went towards the shop quickly.

他快速地向商店走去。

He went for home.

他回家了。

He left/ set out for New York yesterday.

他昨天動(dòng)身去紐約了。

(3)

表示“進(jìn)去”、“出來(lái)”

這兩種方向的介詞為into和out of;表示“在某個(gè)地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用 at，in，out of等;表示目的地或位置往往用at：

When did you come into the restaurant?

你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的餐館?

You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.

我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候你不在餐館。

We ran out of the house.

我們從屋里跑了出來(lái)。

We arrived in the country on Sunday.

星期天我們到達(dá)鄉(xiāng)下。(范圍大時(shí)用in)

We arrived at the station in the evening.

晚上我們到達(dá)車站。(范圍小時(shí)用at)

(4)表示“穿過(guò)”、“越過(guò)”、“繞過(guò)”

等動(dòng)作時(shí)，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介詞：

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.pass與past

(1)動(dòng)詞 pass的過(guò)去式為 passed，過(guò)去分詞為 passed或past。當(dāng)它作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，可以表示“經(jīng)過(guò)”、“通過(guò)(考試)”或“超過(guò)”等，作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)可以表示“(時(shí)間等)消逝”：

You passed me without even noticing me!

你從我身邊經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)居然沒(méi)注意到我!

Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.

你姐姐/妹妹開著她的新車從我身旁駛過(guò)，開得非?？?。

I've passed/ past my French test.

我法語(yǔ)考試通過(guò)了。

A month has passed/ past since I left home.

我離開家已一個(gè)月了。

(2)past可以作形容詞、介詞、名詞等。作形容詞時(shí)表示“以前的”、“過(guò)去的”等：

Many things happened in the post week.

過(guò)去的這一周內(nèi)發(fā)生了許多事。

Frank is proud of his past experiences.

弗蘭克為自己以往的經(jīng)歷感到自豪。

作介詞時(shí)它表示“經(jīng)過(guò)”或“超出(范圍等)”：

He has just walked past me.

他剛從我身邊走過(guò)去。

His words are past my understanding.

我不懂他的話。

作名詞時(shí)它表示“過(guò)去”、“昔時(shí)”或“往事”等：

Can you tell me something about your past?

您能給我講講您過(guò)去的一些事嗎?

In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.

我們過(guò)去常聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面迎新年。

2.next與other

next表示時(shí)間順序上“緊接的”、“下一個(gè)”。如果以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，則next前一般不加the;

如果以過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某一時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，則 next前面要加the或其他修飾詞：

See you next Friday.

下個(gè)星期五再見。

Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.

第2天瑪麗打來(lái)電話告訴我們她不能來(lái)參加晚會(huì)了。

the other day指時(shí)間時(shí)可以有a few days ago的意思：

Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.

前幾天瑪麗來(lái)電話告訴我們她已到達(dá)倫敦。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

A 1 The girl set out from the coast.

2 She jumped into the sea.

3 She swam to the shore.

B 1 to 2 from/out of 3 (up) to 4 for/ from

5 from…to/ to…from 6 at 7 to 8 from

C ( sample answers)

1 A bird flew into the room.

2 The parachutist jumped from the aeroplane.

3 The child pointed at the fat lady.

4 Put the milk in the refrigerator.

2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 the other day 2 passed 3 next 4 past

3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 d 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c 6 b

7 b 8 c 9c 10 c 11a 12 c

【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)

★darkness　n.

in the darkness:在沒(méi)有光線的情況下

★explain　v.

explanation　n.

Could you give me an explanation?

interpret：強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯，語(yǔ)言之間的解釋

interpretor

★coast　n.

bank：河岸(兩邊比水面高)

seashore：海岸(為了游玩的)

seaside：海岸

coast：地理意義上的海岸線

感覺(jué)旁邊是巖石，很陡峭

seashore,seaside 旁邊是沙灘，可以進(jìn)行日光浴的感覺(jué)

★storm　n.

snowstorm：暴風(fēng)雪

thunderstorm：雷雨

rain heavily

pour：傾倒

The rain is pouring.

It's raining cats and dogs.

★towards　prep.

強(qiáng)調(diào)nearer and nearer

★rock　n.

rock:huge stone

★shore　n.

★light　n.

★ahead　adv.

asleep　awake　alight

a開頭的往往是表語(yǔ)形容詞

不管做表語(yǔ)形容詞還是副詞都放在名詞的后面

一般的形容詞都放在名詞的前面

pretty flowers

light ahead

ahead表達(dá)方式：1.放在被修飾詞后面做定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置

2.ahead of

He went ahead of me.

3.go ahead 朝前走，請(qǐng)隨便

Would you mind my using your phone?

-Can I use your telephone?

…OK,go ahead.

-sorry+給出一個(gè)原因(可能是事實(shí)也可能是一個(gè)借口)

★cliff　n.

★struggle　v.

★hospital　n.

school

1.前面不+the，和它的功能有關(guān)系

go to hospital

一旦+the，就只表示地點(diǎn)

I am in the hospital.

in hospital：住醫(yī)院

in the hospital：在醫(yī)院

2.去醫(yī)院看望老師：

go to the hospital

自己肚子痛 go to hospital

【課文講解】

in the darkness

happen：不及物　 sth.happen to sb.

What happened to...

nearly:將近　　 nearly a week: 快到一個(gè)星期了

Sometime later...

Three days later,my mother returned. 強(qiáng)調(diào)某人做某事

。。。passed and then...

Three days passed and then my mother returned.

比列句　　　　即強(qiáng)調(diào)某人在某事，又強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間有多久

Three days passed before my mother came back. 強(qiáng)調(diào)這么久的時(shí)間

be able to 強(qiáng)調(diào)有能力還強(qiáng)調(diào)成功

can 強(qiáng)調(diào)有能力

I can swim across the river.

I was able to swim across the river.

set out：set off

be caught in + 災(zāi)難

I was caught in a rain.

As soon as he left,it began to rain.

He was caught in a rain when he left.

earthquake

遇上人-meet　 遇上災(zāi)難-be caught in

struck往往強(qiáng)調(diào)的是猛烈的撞擊　　struck hard

to: 強(qiáng)調(diào)朝那個(gè)方向(目標(biāo))去，但沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)越來(lái)越近

towards: 表面也翻譯為朝那個(gè)方向(目標(biāo))去，距離越來(lái)越近

spend sometime+地點(diǎn)

The Red army covered a distance of 2,5000...

high up

on doing=as soon as=the moment

as soon as,the moment：后面都要加從句

on：后面一定要加動(dòng)詞ing--承認(rèn)動(dòng)詞是由主句主語(yǔ)做的

up:往上

That's all.

That was all I wanted to say.

I can do nothing else for you. That was all I can do for you.

find+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)　　find the books tidy

I found the books in order.

When I woke up,I found myself in bed.

time passed before

。。。a day later...

time passed and then

was caught in a storm

cover the distance of

介詞后面+ing　　after doing　 on doing

ahead　 hospital

【Key structures】

和時(shí)間相連的介詞 in,at,on,from...to...,until,after,before

和地點(diǎn)相連的介詞　 from...to...

into: 進(jìn)、入　 Tell him to go into my house

只強(qiáng)調(diào)到那去，不一定強(qiáng)調(diào)到里面去;go to

out of:從。。。出來(lái)　　 away from

leave for ：動(dòng)身去某地

Yesterday my father left for Tianjin.

head for/to　前往

leave for 強(qiáng)調(diào)leave　　head for強(qiáng)調(diào)去

set out for

towards: 強(qiáng)調(diào)越來(lái)越近

at:含有一種瞄準(zhǔn)的概念　 aim at　　fire at

threw to the bank　　 threw at

【Special difficulties】

pass,past

詞和詞的區(qū)別：

1.意思上的區(qū)別　　2.詞性的區(qū)別　　 3.細(xì)節(jié)上的區(qū)別

pass: 只有動(dòng)詞的概念，余下的詞性都用past

Exercise

2.passed

have done

4.past

march:行軍　long march

I pass the garden.

I go past the garden.

I go and pass the garden.

next,other

next day　　　　the other day: few days ago　幾天前

the other day 一旦出現(xiàn)一定是過(guò)去時(shí)

next day :有可能是過(guò)去時(shí)有可能是將來(lái)時(shí)

1.the other day

3.next

【Multiple choice questions】

5.How far away ...?

What's the distance ...?

6.not any more/longer/further

(b)

12. remind：提醒

memorise：記住

recollect：回憶　√

mind：介意

4. 只有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞才有時(shí)態(tài)

句子中如果沒(méi)有連詞，但有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要把其中一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

when是連詞的標(biāo)志

when+doing：1.主語(yǔ)要跟主句的相同;2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be doing結(jié)構(gòu)

(a)