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公司財(cái)務(wù)之 現(xiàn)金流 Cash Flow

所屬教程:外貿(mào)英語(yǔ)

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2020年08月30日

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公司財(cái)務(wù)之 現(xiàn)金流 Cash Flow

開創(chuàng)和經(jīng)營(yíng)一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)需要大量投資(huge investment)時(shí)間和金錢。如何讓資金源源不斷地流入是一個(gè)要交不少“學(xué)費(fèi)”才能掌握的課題。現(xiàn)金流量就是企業(yè)在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物的流入和流出數(shù)量?,F(xiàn)金流量的管理是確保企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展,提高企業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的重要保證。

設(shè)立緊急備用金(emergency fund)

總會(huì)有一些預(yù)料不到的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)(unexpected problems),例如設(shè)備故障、貨物供應(yīng)或員工編制出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。有的人會(huì)從要交的稅款中先提取一部分,有的甚至通過(guò)一個(gè)短期債務(wù)(short term loan)來(lái)解決問(wèn)題,但這些無(wú)論如何都是要還的,而且還會(huì)有額外費(fèi)用(at a premium)。提前準(zhǔn)備一筆緊急備用金就可以化解這些難題。

⊙Is the copy machine broken again?Last month we spent over$200 trying to get it in working condition. Good thing we've budgeted for it.

復(fù)印機(jī)又壞了嗎?上個(gè)月我們花了200美元才修好。好在我們對(duì)此有預(yù)算。

⊙Can we take some money from petty cash to deal with it?

能支取零用現(xiàn)金來(lái)修理嗎?

⊙Use the emergency fund.That's what it's there for.使用緊急備用金,它就是用在這個(gè)地方的。

⊙What are you going to do with the extra$2000 in profit this month?Put it in the emergency fund?

這個(gè)月多出來(lái)的2000美元利潤(rùn)你打算怎么用?作為緊急備用金嗎?

量入為出(be sensitive to the needs of your business)

根據(jù)經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況調(diào)整開支(adjust your expenditures accordingly)。當(dāng)銷售額蒸蒸日上時(shí),你可以考慮將一部分盈余的現(xiàn)金投資到生意中;如果盈利有限,那采購(gòu)時(shí)就應(yīng)當(dāng)貨比三家(shop around),找最優(yōu)惠的或者批量折扣(bulk discounts),而且充分利用庫(kù)存資源(a good inventory)。

⊙What's our cash in compared to our cash out?我們的現(xiàn)金流入和流出的對(duì)比情況如何?

⊙We need to focus on improving cash flow management.我們得著重提高現(xiàn)金流管理。

⊙Sales are up this quarter.Let's see what kind of savings we can get by reinvesting the extra back into the business.

這個(gè)季度銷售額增長(zhǎng)了。讓我們看看將額外收益再投資能得到多少結(jié)余。

⊙What's our inventory look like these days?.

我們目前的庫(kù)存情況如何?

⊙Do we really need to make this order now?Or can we wait until next month when we have more money in the bank?

我們真的一定要做這個(gè)訂購(gòu)嗎?或者我們可以等到下周我們賬上有更多錢的時(shí)候?

⊙Taking into consideration our profit this month, we'd better keep more of our money liquid.

考慮到這個(gè)月的盈利,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保留更多的流動(dòng)資金。

減少開支(reduce expenses)

額外開支是造成成本增加的間接費(fèi)用。你應(yīng)當(dāng)注意在各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)上削減額外開支(overhead expenditures)。例如,時(shí)常監(jiān)督供貨商的價(jià)格是否是最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的,留意(keep an eye on)辦公耗損是否超額,聯(lián)系電話公司或電力公司看是否有新折扣。這里省一些,那里省一點(diǎn),不經(jīng)意間你的現(xiàn)金流狀況就好多了。

⊙Our outgoings this month are too excessive.我們這個(gè)月的支出太多了。

⊙We ought to work on ways to trim the fat.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)想辦法減肥。

⊙My mantra is“reduce expenses, increase profits.”我的箴言是:“減少花費(fèi)就是增加收益?!?

⊙Our bottom line isn't doing so well.

我們?cè)诘拙€控制上做得不夠好。

⊙I'm enlisting all of your help in cutting back on office waste.我想請(qǐng)你幫我減少公司浪費(fèi)。

⊙Is there any way we can get a better deal on our electric bill?有沒有辦法能夠在電費(fèi)上得到更好的優(yōu)惠?

⊙Waste not, want not.

少浪費(fèi)就少匱乏。

⊙Can you offer us a better discount?

你能否給我們一個(gè)更好的折扣?

價(jià)格再衡量(reevaluate pricing)

價(jià)格輕微上調(diào)通常情況下是可以被消費(fèi)者接受的(be accepted)。但并不能因?yàn)樨?cái)政緊張就大幅提價(jià)(hike your prices),這樣會(huì)造成客戶的流失。即便是再降價(jià),客戶也很難回頭。最好是保持和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手相接近的(stay close to)價(jià)位。好的現(xiàn)金流取決于對(duì)價(jià)位和調(diào)整時(shí)間的判斷。

A:That will be$9. 95.

B:That seems to be more than last time. Have your prices changed?

A:Yes, M'am. Due to increasing material fees, we've had to increase our price by 25 cents.

A:那是9.95美元。

B:看上去比上次要高。你們的價(jià)格調(diào)整了嗎?

A:是的,女士。由于原材料費(fèi)用上漲,我們不得不把價(jià)格提高了25美分。

總結(jié)

好的現(xiàn)金流管理能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)現(xiàn)金流入和流出之間的平衡。通過(guò)了解你的現(xiàn)金從哪里來(lái)又去了哪里,你就能明智地判斷哪些花費(fèi)過(guò)多,做到有重點(diǎn)地花錢。無(wú)論是設(shè)立備用資金還是量入為出、減少開支,都能為資金流爭(zhēng)取更多的自由度。生意就像自己的孩子,資金流就是牛奶,營(yíng)養(yǎng)充足時(shí)企業(yè)才能茁壯成長(zhǎng)。

Words 單詞表

enlist爭(zhēng)取,謀求(幫助,支持或參與)

expense開支,經(jīng)費(fèi),費(fèi)用

excessive過(guò)度的,過(guò)分的

extra額外的,外加的

increase增加

inventory庫(kù)存,存貨

management經(jīng)營(yíng)管理,管理者

mantra箴言

outgoing支出,開銷

proactive主動(dòng)的,主動(dòng)積極的

reduce減少,縮減

reinvest再投資

saving儲(chǔ)蓄,節(jié)省款項(xiàng)

sundry各式各樣的

Phrases 短語(yǔ)表

bottom line底線,賬本底線

budget for sth某物的預(yù)算

cash in現(xiàn)金流入

cash out現(xiàn)金流出

company resource公司資源

be compared with……與……相比較

cut back on削減,減少

Every little bit helps.積少錢,辦大事。

focus on集中于,聚集

have……on hand手頭上,在手邊

liquid(assets)流動(dòng)(資產(chǎn))

money in the bank銀行有錢,有存款的

petty cash小額備用現(xiàn)金,零用現(xiàn)金

sundry items各式用品

take sth into consideration考慮某事

trim the fat去脂,減少開支

waste not, want not不浪費(fèi)則不匱乏

實(shí)景對(duì)話1

A:We've got to come up with a plan to increase cash flow. Our bottom line isn't doing so well. Our outgoings this month are too excessive.We ought to work on ways to trim the fat.

B:What's our cash in compared to our cash out?Where does all the money go?

A:I've been asking the same questions. The only thing I know is that our cash out is almost the same as cash in, which is bad news for business. We need to focus on improving cash flow management.

B:Well, my mantra is“reduce expenses, increase profits”. Let's see what I can do to help you come up with some ideas to improve your bottom line. For example, sales are up this quarter.Let's see what kind of savings we can get by reinvesting the extra back into the business.

A:I don't know……Taking into consideration our profit this month, we'd better keep more of our money liquid.

B:Well, here's another way. What's our inventory look like these days?If we have enough supplies on hand to do business, then maybe we can save money by making fewer purchases for overhead. We can ask ourselves:do we really need to make this order now?Or can we wait until next month when we have more money in the bank?

A:Well, that's a good suggestion.

B:Waste not, want not.

A:我們得提出一個(gè)增加現(xiàn)金流的規(guī)劃了。我們?cè)诘拙€控制上做得不夠好,這個(gè)月開支過(guò)多,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)想辦法減肥了。

B:我們的現(xiàn)金流入和流出的對(duì)比情況如何?錢都跑哪里去了?

A:我也問(wèn)同樣的問(wèn)題。我唯一知道的就是我們的現(xiàn)金流出和流入幾乎一樣多,在生意上這可并不好。我們得著重提高現(xiàn)金流管理。

B:那,我的箴言是:“少花費(fèi)則多增益?!弊屛铱纯茨軒湍阆氤鍪裁崔k法來(lái)改善底線控制,比方說(shuō)這個(gè)季度銷售額上漲,讓我們看看將額外收益再投資能得到多少結(jié)余。

A:我不知道……考慮到這個(gè)月的盈利,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保留更多的流動(dòng)資金。

B:那還有一個(gè)辦法。我們目前的庫(kù)存如何?如果我們手上有足夠的供貨,那就可以通過(guò)少采購(gòu)來(lái)省錢。我們可以問(wèn)自己,我們現(xiàn)在真的一定要訂這批貨嗎?或者我們可以等到下個(gè)月賬上有更多錢的時(shí)候?

A:那倒是個(gè)好建議。

B:少浪費(fèi)就少匱乏。

實(shí)景對(duì)話2

A:Is the copy machine broken again?Last month we spent over$200 trying to get it in working condition. Good thing we've budgeted for it.

B:Can we take some money from petty cash to deal with it?

A:Use the emergency fund. That's what it's there for.I wish you guys would be more proactive in saving company resources. In fact, I want to enlist all of your help in cutting back on office waste.

B:What do you mean?

A:Using no more sundry items than you need, conserving electricity, thinking twice about spending company money.

B:Okay, boss.You got it.

A:While we're at it, why don't you call the power company?Find out if there is any way we can get a better deal on our electric bill.

B:Are you serious?

A:Every little bit helps.

A:復(fù)印機(jī)又壞了嗎?上個(gè)月我們花了200美元才修好。好在我們對(duì)此有預(yù)算。

B:能支取零用現(xiàn)金來(lái)修理嗎?

A:用緊急資金吧,它就是用在這方面的。我希望你們各位能更加積極主動(dòng)地節(jié)省公司資源。我想請(qǐng)各位幫忙減少公司浪費(fèi)。

B:你是指什么?

A:辦公用品用多少拿多少、節(jié)約用電,在花公司的錢之前三思而行。

B:好的,老板。你真有辦法。

A:既然說(shuō)到這兒了,為什么你不打電話給電力公司,看看在我們的電費(fèi)單上有沒有優(yōu)惠。

B:你當(dāng)真嗎?

A:積小錢,辦大事嘛。


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