外研社新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高中英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè) Model2-3

[00:01.00]Module 2

[00:06.96]LISTENING AND SPEAKING

[00:09.39]4 Listen again and answer the questions.

[00:14.28]Speaker 1

[00:56.31]Speaker 2

[01:37.48]Speaker 3

[02:20.99]Speaker 4

[03:08.90]Speaker 5

[03:49.82]PRONUNCIATION

[03:54.87]1 Listen to the underlined sounds in these sentences.

[04:00.44]1 I got stuck again in the traffic.

[04:06.78]2 They seemed to know each other.

[04:12.61]3 ... and we still couldn't move.

[04:19.61]4 It was just ridiculous.

[04:26.47]5 They don't wait for the green light to pass.

[04:33.59]Now say the sentences aloud.

[04:38.90]3 Say these sentences aloud.

[04:46.54]Make sure you pronounce the underlined sounds correctly.

[04:51.98]Now listen and check.

[04:55.73]1 They seemed to know each other.

[05:01.43]2 ... and we still couldn't move.

[05:08.42]3 It was just ridiculous.

[05:14.38]4 They don't wait for the green light to pass.

[05:21.50]5 Why not build more underground lines?

[05:29.01]6 ...which then came to a complete stop.

[05:34.97]CULTURAL CORNER

[05:39.89]Answer these questions.

[05:41.57]1 What is a congestion charge?

[05:46.75]2 Would a congestion charge be a good idea in your town?

[05:53.74]The London Congestion Charge

[05:57.11]Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.

[06:01.90]You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.

[06:06.30]The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast,

[06:10.92]such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.

[06:16.62]But even the cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.

[06:22.06]Los Angeles,which was built with the motor car in mind,

[06:26.25]and is famous for its six-lane highways,

[06:29.14]is now the USA's most congested city.

[06:33.89]In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars,

[06:39.50]and city centre traffic jams

[06:41.76]have been part of daily life for a long time.

[06:45.28]The situation in central London,

[06:48.09]where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,

[06:52.40]became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.

[06:58.14]In February 2003 the Mayor of London,Ken Livingstone,

[07:03.67]introduced a "congestion charge" --

[07:06.78]a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.

[07:11.01]The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay ￡5 a day.

[07:18.82]Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital

[07:24.21]before 10 pm.

[07:26.50]As the cars come into the centre,

[07:29.14]video cameras record their registration numbers,

[07:32.81]and these are checked with a list of drivers

[07:35.52]who have paid the charge for that day.

[07:38.29]People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80 pounds.

[07:44.29]Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.

[07:47.95]They agree that London has a traffic problem,

[07:51.28]but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...

[07:56.54]But does the congestion charge work?

[08:00.21]A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.

[08:06.43]After only six months,

[08:08.63]traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent,

[08:14.03]and journey times by 15 percent.

[08:17.56]More people used public transport to get to work,

[08:21.41]and bicycles were suddenly very popular.

[08:24.69]What's more,

[08:25.81]central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.

[08:32.33]But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher,

[08:37.46]for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre

[08:41.65]and can easily afford it .

[08:43.90]This would keep even more cars out of central London,

[08:47.52]and the roads would be nearly empty.

[08:50.37]However,there are no plans to increase the charge.

[08:58.01]Module 2 Words and Expressions

[09:02.36]trolleybus n. 電車(chē)

[09:04.67]be connected to 與...相連

[09:08.65]wire n. 電線(xiàn)

[09:12.17]suburban a.郊區(qū)的 ; 市郊的

[09:15.40]be/get stuck in 被困在…

[09:23.98]in no time 馬上; 一會(huì)兒

[09:27.63]display vt. 展示 ; 陳列

[09:32.30]cab n.出租汽車(chē) ; 計(jì)程車(chē)

[09:36.00]permit n.執(zhí)照 ; 許可證

[09:39.34]receipt n.收據(jù)

[09:43.66]get around 到處旅行， 四處走動(dòng)

[09:47.11]fare n.車(chē)費(fèi)

[09:50.88]air-conditioned a.帶空調(diào)的

[09:54.93]limit vt.限制

[09:59.02]destionation n.目的地;終點(diǎn)

[10:02.42]impressive a.給人印象深刻的

[10:06.23]route n.路線(xiàn)

[10:09.96]double-decker n.雙層公共汽車(chē)

[10:13.17]provide vt. 提供

[10:17.38]underconstruction 正在建設(shè)之中

[10:20.81]convenient a. 方便的

[10:24.79]pedal vt&vi.騎車(chē) ; 踩...的踏

[10:28.48]tricycle n.三輪腳踏車(chē)

[10:32.05]single n.單程票

[10:35.27]return n.往返票

[10:39.20]explore vt. 探索

[10:42.15]roadwork n.(常作復(fù)數(shù)) 施工

[10:46.04]switch off 關(guān)上(電燈,電視等), 斷掉(電源)

[10:49.72]keep cool 保持冷靜

[10:53.31]blow vt.吹響 (樂(lè)器,號(hào)角等)

[10:56.74]horn n. 喇叭; 號(hào)角

[11:00.02]react vi. 反應(yīng)

[11:03.25]solution n.解答; 答案

[11:06.42]mood n. 心情; 心境

[11:10.06]no way (俚語(yǔ)) 肯定不 ; 沒(méi)門(mén)兒

[11:13.72]congestion n. 擁塞; 堆積

[11:17.53]registration n.執(zhí)照; 登記

[11:21.70]Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication

[11:31.13]INTRODUCTION

[11:32.54]Speaking and listening

[11:34.75]2 Listen and match the situations with the pictures.

[12:42.89]READING AND VOCABULARY

[12:48.20]1 Read the passage and choose the best title.

[12:54.03]If you say the word "communication",

[12:57.83]most people think of words and sentences.

[13:01.71]Although these are very important,

[13:04.47]we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.

[13:09.44]Indeed,body positions are part of what we call "body language".

[13:15.01]We see examples of unconscious body language very often,

[13:19.71]yet there is also"learned" body language,

[13:23.16]which varies from culture to culture.

[13:26.36]We use "learned" body language when we are introduced to strangers.

[13:32.57]Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.

[13:38.75]So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers,

[13:43.49]to show them we are not aggressive.

[13:46.56]Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands.

[13:52.13]They do this with the right hand--the strongest hand for most people.

[13:57.95]If our right hand is busy greeting someone,it cannot be holding a weapon.

[14:04.08]So the gesture is saying,"I trust you.

[14:07.75]Look,I'm not carrying a threatening weapon."

[14:11.81]If you shake hands with someone,you show you trust them.

[14:16.12]We shake hands when we make a deal.

[14:18.97]It means,"We agree and we trust each other."

[14:24.02]Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person,

[14:29.51]but they always involve the hands.

[14:32.91]Traditionally in China,when we greet someone,

[14:36.58]we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.

[14:41.42]Muslims give a "salaam",where they touch their heart,

[14:45.73]mouth and forehead.

[14:47.98]Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect.

[14:52.86]In all of these examples,

[14:55.01]the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.

[15:00.06]Even today,when some people have very informal styles of greeting,

[15:05.16]they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.

[15:09.39]American youths often greet each other with the expression,

[15:13.53]"Give me five!"

[15:15.30]One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.

[15:21.86]The other person raises his hand and slaps the other's open hand

[15:27.39]above the head in a "high five".

[15:30.80]Nowadays,it is quite a common greeting.

[15:34.90]Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.

[15:39.47]People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.

[15:45.17]Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!

[15:52.55]Now work in pairs.Say which title you chose, and why.

[16:01.75]LISTENING AND VOCABULARY

[16:03.99]3 Listen to a conversation between an American

[16:08.74]and a Chinese student who is going to the US.

[16:12.36]Number the topics in the order they talk about them.

[18:52.89]Now work in pairs.Check your answers.

[19:01.91]PRONUNCIATION

[19:03.91]1 Listen to this speaker with an American accent.

[19:09.17]When you're invited to someone's home,

[19:13.14]it's a good idea to bring a gift for your host.

[19:17.05]It doesn't have to be something expensive,

[19:20.53]perhaps some flowers or a bottle of wine.

[19:23.87]If you have a meal,

[19:26.42]don't start eating before everyone else is served.

[19:30.13]And whatever you do,

[19:31.73]don't leave immediately after the meal is finished.

[19:35.45]Now listen to this speaker with a British accent.

[19:41.72]What do you notice a these sounds in American pronunciation?

[19:46.29]/t/ /╛/ /r/ /a:/

[19:52.68]When you're invited to someone's home,

[19:55.52]it's a good idea to bring a gift for your host.

[19:58.79]It doesn't have to be something expensive,

[20:01.54]perhaps some flowers or a bottle of wine.

[20:05.07]If you have a meal,

[20:07.41]don't start eating before everyone else is served.

[20:11.47]And whatever you do,

[20:13.48]don't leave immediately after the meal is finished.

[20:21.76]2 Listen to these speakers.

[20:26.06]Do they speak in an American (US) or a British (UK) accent?

[20:33.18]Speaker 1

[20:35.52]It's best to avoid any heavy-going conversation topics.

[20:40.97]So avoid politics or religion completely.

[20:45.45]If your mind goes blank,try not to panic.

[20:50.13]Speaker 2

[20:53.06]And it's usual for people to open gifts when they receive them,

[20:57.20]so don't be surprised.

[20:59.41]That's the way we do things...

[21:03.88]Speaker 3

[21:05.84]But when you leave,

[21:07.76]be sure to thank your host for a wonderful evening.

[21:11.27]Oh,and one last thing to remember: Have a great time!

[21:18.21]CULTURAL CORNER

[21:20.69]Read the passage and answer the questions.

[21:23.71]1 Why do people clap?

[21:26.90]2 When do people clap in China?

[21:32.39]Clapping

[21:33.84]Why do we clap? To show we like something,of course.

[21:39.50]But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book,

[21:44.00]however good they are.

[21:45.81]We clap at the end of a live performance,

[21:49.11]such as a play,or a concert,to say thank you to the performers.

[21:54.83]First they give,and then we give.

[21:58.97]Without us --the audience --the performance would not be complete.

[22:04.59]The custom of clapping has early beginnings.

[22:09.10]In classical Athens,applause meant judgement and taking part.

[22:15.68]Plays were often in competition with each other,

[22:19.54]and prolonged clapping helped a play to win.

[22:23.21]The theatre was large -- it could hold 14,000 people,

[22:30.05]half the adult male population of the city,

[22:34.04]which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.

[22:38.06]Applause was a sign of being part of the community,

[22:43.11]and of equality between actors and audience.

[22:47.47]The important thing was to make the noise together,

[22:51.72]to add one's own small handclap to others.

[22:55.61]Clapping is social, like laughter:

[22:59.75]you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.

[23:04.44]It is like laughter in another way,too:

[23:08.19]it is infectious, and spreads very quickly.

[23:12.44]Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.

[23:18.19]But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.

[23:24.45]For example,in Britain people clap at a wedding,

[23:29.53]but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral.

[23:37.34]Module 3 Words and Expressions

[23:43.27]communication n.交流;

[23:47.22]communicate vi.(用語(yǔ)言、信號(hào)) 傳遞信息 ; 交流

[23:51.34]unconscious a.無(wú)意的 ;不知不覺(jué)的

[23:54.90]vary vi. 變化

[23:58.63]on guard (保持) 警惕

[24:02.49]formal a. 正式的

[24:06.42]aggressive a. 攻擊的; 挑斗的; 挑釁的

[24:11.25]traditionally adv.傳統(tǒng)地

[24:15.44]weapon n.武器

[24:19.60]gesture n. 姿勢(shì); 姿態(tài)

[24:22.95]threatening a.恐嚇的 ; 具有威脅的

[24:26.95]deal n. 協(xié)議; 交易

[24:31.80]make a deal 達(dá)成協(xié)議; 做成交易

[24:36.77]involve vt. 包括

[24:40.40]slightly adv.輕微地 ; 稍微

[24:44.70]Muslim n. (常作復(fù)數(shù)) 穆斯林

[24:49.02]salaam n.(穆斯林的) 額手禮(用右手撫 額鞠躬的禮節(jié))

[24:52.90]forehead n.前額

[24:57.72]Hindu n.印度人

[25:01.48]bow vi.鞠躬

[25:05.61]informal a.非正式的

[25:09.81]youth n.年輕人

[25:13.64]hold up 舉起

[25:17.43]palm n.手掌

[25:21.72]spread vi.(spread,spread) 張開(kāi)

[25:25.77]slap vt. 掌擊

[25:30.31]give away 暴露 (自己的情況)

[25:35.02]mindreader n.(自稱(chēng)或被認(rèn) 為)能看透別人心 思的人

[25:38.72]conscious a.意識(shí)到的 ; 自覺(jué)的

[25:43.13]ankle n.腳踝

[25:47.15]eyebrow n.眉毛

[25:51.40]lip n.嘴唇

[25:55.20]wrist n. 手腕

[25:58.86]bend vt.(bent,bent) 彎腰

[26:02.91]hug vt.緊抱; 擁抱

[26:06.55]stare vi. 凝視; 盯著看

[26:09.89]wipe vt.擦; 抹; 揩

[26:13.89]lift up 舉起

[26:17.40]up and down 一上一下地

[26:21.47]religion n. 宗教

[26:24.71]host n. 主人

[26:28.76]by accident 偶然地

[26:33.84]toast n. 祝酒; 干杯

[26:37.29]sip/sip/ n. 一抿之量; 小 口 喝

[26:42.06]blank adj. 空白 的

[26:45.45]panic v. 恐慌 ; 驚慌

[26:50.65]rude a. 粗魯?shù)?; 無(wú)禮的

[26:53.68]say hello to 向 …… 問(wèn)好

[26:57.90]switch on 打開(kāi)(燈、 無(wú)線(xiàn)電等)

[27:01.90]invitation n. 邀請(qǐng)

[27:06.07]request n. 請(qǐng)求; 要求

[27:10.43]RSVP (請(qǐng)?zhí)扔谜Z(yǔ)) 請(qǐng)答復(fù)

[27:14.71]favour n. 恩惠 ; 善意的行為

[27:18.93]live a. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的

[27:23.26]peformance n. 表演

[27:27.53]performer n. 表演者

[27:30.37]classical a. 古典的; 古代的

[27:33.59]applause n. 掌聲

[27:37.90]judgement n. 判斷; 意見(jiàn)

[27:41.97]prolong vt. 延長(zhǎng)

[27:46.18]equality n. 平等

[27:50.00]handclap n. 拍手

[27:54.63]social a. 社會(huì)的

[27:58.72]infectious a.有感染性的

[28:02.40]funeral n. 葬禮