工商管理英語Chapter 11 生產(chǎn)管理

[00:00.00]inventory n. [00:00.59]清單 [00:01.18]liter n. [00:01.65]公升 [00:02.12]recommend vt. [00:02.82]推薦 [00:03.53]furnace n. [00:04.05]火爐 [00:04.57]cable n. [00:05.09]電纜 [00:05.62]material n. [00:06.22]材料 [00:06.82]wrapping a. n. [00:07.31]包裝用的, 包裝紙 [00:07.81]A:Let's go through the inventory then. [00:09.08]我們先來審查一下庫存清單吧。 [00:10.34]Let's start with fuel first liquid gas? [00:11.85]從燃料開始先看液化氣好吧? [00:13.35]B:We've got about 200 litres. [00:14.24]我們有200升左右。 [00:15.12]The recommended stock level is 400. [00:16.61]推薦庫存量是400。 [00:18.10]A:So we've got too little. [00:19.08]因此我們的存量太少。 [00:20.06]Better put an order in. [00:21.00]最好再訂購一些。 [00:21.94]The other fuel is coal for the furnace? [00:23.76]另一種燃料是熔爐用煤吧? [00:25.57]B:About 50 tons. [00:26.45]大概有50噸。 [00:27.32]Recommended level is 30. [00:28.40]推薦儲存量是30噸。 [00:29.47]A:A bit too much,then run the stocks down over the next week. [00:31.66]那就是太多了些，下星期要降低煤的庫存量。 [00:33.85]Now then,what about spare parts? [00:35.34]那么備用件怎么樣? [00:36.83]We're always running short of cable. [00:38.15]我們的電纜總是短缺。 [00:39.47]B:Let me just see what we've got...about 30 meters in stock. [00:41.43]我來看看還有多少……還存有30米左右。 [00:43.39]A:Is that enough? [00:44.07]夠用嗎? [00:44.75]B:No,manybe a bit too little.I'll order some more. [00:47.12]不夠，可能太少了一些。我將再訂購一些。 [00:49.50]A:What about pipes? [00:50.25]管子情況怎么樣? [00:50.99]B:Well,we've got 25.That's plenty.Probably too many. [00:54.65]嗯，我們存有25根。足夠了。可能太多了。 [00:58.31]A:OK.Now let's move on to the packing material.First,boxes? [01:01.62]好，現(xiàn)在來查看一下包裝材料。第一，包裝箱情況怎么樣? [01:04.94]B:About 400 in stock,too few I think for this time of year. [01:07.17]庫里存有400個左右，對一年中的這個時節(jié)我認為太少。 [01:09.41]I'll put them on order. [01:10.16]我將把它們寫進訂貨單里。 [01:10.92]A:And how much wrapping paper is we carrying? [01:12.70]那我們還有多少包裝紙呢? [01:14.48]B:About one ton.Slightly too little. [01:15.91]大概有1噸。稍微少了一點兒。 [01:17.35]A:OK.And how many pallets for stacking? [01:19.10]行。運貨托架有多少? [01:20.85]B:That's a problem.We've had difficulties getting them back.We've far too few at the moment. [01:24.61]這還是個問題呢?；厥肇浖芤恢焙茈y。目前短缺很多。 [01:28.37]A:Um...we'll have to do something about that. [01:29.99]嗯……我們得采取點措施才行。 [01:31.61]input n. vt. [01:32.23]輸入，輸入 [01:32.84]output n. [01:33.39]輸出 [01:33.94]planning vt. [01:34.46]規(guī)劃 [01:34.98]equipment n. [01:35.57]設備 [01:36.16]cash n. vt. [01:36.64]現(xiàn)金, 兌現(xiàn) [01:37.12]demand n. vt. [01:37.71]要求，要求 [01:38.30]capacity n. [01:39.10]容量 [01:39.89]responsibility n. [01:40.81]責任 [01:41.72]project n. [01:42.35]方案 [01:42.97]jobbing [01:43.52]單件生產(chǎn) [01:44.07]batch n. [01:44.67]一批，批量生產(chǎn) [01:45.27]line n. [01:45.84]行，流水線生產(chǎn) [01:46.40]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks. [01:49.75]生產(chǎn)管理和經(jīng)營管理這兩個詞所描述的是同類任務。 [01:53.11]Both are concerned with managing those resources of an enterprise that are required to produce and distribute the goods or services to be sold to consumers or other organizations. [02:00.54]二者都是涉及企業(yè)對生產(chǎn)銷售給顧客或者其他機構的商品或者服務所需要的資源的管理。 [02:07.97]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks. [02:11.19]生產(chǎn)管理和經(jīng)營管理這兩個詞所描述的是同類任務。 [02:14.40]operations management [02:15.37]生產(chǎn)管理、經(jīng)營管理 [02:16.33]Most organizations provide and sell a mix of products and services. [02:18.70]大多數(shù)企業(yè)所提供給人們的是產(chǎn)品和服務的混和體。 [02:21.06]The provision of a service or production of a product is the principal responsibility of operations. [02:25.21]經(jīng)營活動的主要職責就是提供產(chǎn)品的服務和生產(chǎn)。 [02:29.37]The operations function is typically responsible for some 80 percent of all the costs incurred by a business. [02:33.48]生產(chǎn)活動占用了企業(yè)80%的成本。 [02:37.60]The basic task in operations is to take inputs in the form of resources and convert them into outputs in the form of products and services. [02:43.11]生產(chǎn)的基本任務就是將輸入的資源轉換為輸出的產(chǎn)品或服務。 [02:48.62]Given the high level of costs involved,the operations function also has a prime role in managing the money flow. [02:53.96]假如成本很高，那么流動資金的管理也將是生產(chǎn)管理的一項主要任務。 [02:59.30]Within operations there exists a substantial portion of two key elements of successful business_profits through the control of costs,and cash flow through planning decisions and lead time control. [03:06.48]成功的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主要取決于兩個因素通過控制成本以提高利潤和通過決策及控制資金周轉時間以獲取流動資金。 [03:13.65]Functions exist primarily to help fulfill the role of selling and providing customers with a company's products and services at an acceptable level of profit. [03:19.56]職能部門存在的主要作用就是保證在一定利潤水平上向顧客提供產(chǎn)品和服務。 [03:25.48]Design not only concerns functionality but also has a critical impact on product/service costs. [03:30.02]設計不僅要關心產(chǎn)品或服務的功能，而且還要考慮它們的成本。 [03:34.57]The concept of standardization concerns using the same materials,components,subassemblies and/or modules within the design of two or more product/services. [03:40.70]標準化是指在設計兩種以上的產(chǎn)品或服務時，使用相同的材料、零部件或相同的模式。 [03:46.82]The increasing level of product/service diversification is an important factor in today's increasingly competitive markets. [03:51.12]產(chǎn)品或服務的多樣化是當今日益激烈的市場競爭的一個重要因素。 [03:55.42]The operations process concerns transforming inputs into out_puts and is accomplished by a combination of labor and processes/equipment within the delivery system. [04:02.14]生產(chǎn)過程是把投入轉換成產(chǎn)出的過程，它是通過勞動力和過程工藝或設備在產(chǎn)出系統(tǒng)中的結合來完成的。 [04:08.87]Organizations that sell large_scale,complex products or services which cannot be physically moved once completed will normally provide these on a project basis. [04:15.43]企業(yè)通常以專項工程的形式，提供大規(guī)模的復雜產(chǎn)品或服務，這種復雜產(chǎn)品或服務一旦生成，就不能再移動。 [04:21.98]A jobbing process is chosen to meet the one_off or small_order requirements of customers. [04:25.29]零工生產(chǎn)過程工藝是為了滿足顧客一次性或少量訂貨的要求。 [04:28.59]The word customized refers to a product/service which is made to a customer's specification. [04:32.08]“定做”一詞指的是按照顧客要求的規(guī)格制作產(chǎn)品或提供服務。 [04:35.57]In a batch process,similar items required in larger volumes than in a jobbing process,will be provided. [04:40.05]大批量的生產(chǎn)過程需要生產(chǎn)過程相同的，比零工生產(chǎn)數(shù)量更大的產(chǎn)品。 [04:44.53]The essential characteristic of line(compared to batch),is that to produce another product or provide another service,the process does not have to be stopped and reset. [04:50.73]流水線的基本特征(與批量生產(chǎn)相比)是在生產(chǎn)或提供另一種產(chǎn)品或服務時，生產(chǎn)過程不必停下來再重新啟動。 [04:56.93]With continuous processing,one or several basic materials are processed through successive stages and refined into one or more products,for example,petrochemicals. [05:03.48]在連續(xù)加工生產(chǎn)過程中，一種或幾種基礎材料經(jīng)過一系列連續(xù)的加工階段后，制成一種或幾種產(chǎn)品，比如石油化工產(chǎn)品。 [05:10.02]With increases in volume,an organization will start to move from low_volume to high_volume markets. [05:13.89]隨著產(chǎn)量的增加，企業(yè)將從低份額市場向高份額市場運動。 [05:17.75]In project and jobbing processes the nature of the task tends to involve unique,variable operations providing flexible responses. [05:23.27]在專項工程和零工式生產(chǎn)過程工藝中，要求能對獨特的、變化的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動做出靈活的反應。 [05:28.78]Many companies have developed hybrid processes,the reason for which is to provide a process which better reflects the needs in terms of being able to support the characteristics of their markets. [05:36.16]許多企業(yè)都已發(fā)展了復合過程，以便更好地滿足顧客在這些方面的需求，從而維持它們的市場特色。 [05:43.54]Although each hybrid format will comprise a mix of two process types,it will still be classified as belonging to one or the other. [05:49.00]盡管每種復合形式都由兩種過程工藝類型復合而成，它將仍然歸屬于其中一種過程工藝。 [05:54.46]In manufacturing,customers are invariably separated from the production system through,for example,inventory and the wholesale/retail system. [05:59.82]在生產(chǎn)活動中，顧客和生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)是分開的，比如庫存和批發(fā)/零售機制中就是這樣。 [06:05.19]In a service/delivery system the provider and customer are invariably linked at the point of provision. [06:09.14]在服務或送貨系統(tǒng)中，服務者和顧客在供應環(huán)節(jié)上始終是聯(lián)為一體的。 [06:13.08]Capacity decision is a critical aspect of operations management due to the constraints it may impose on other planning activities. [06:18.08]由于生產(chǎn)能力決策可能會限制其他計劃活動，因此它是生產(chǎn)管理中的一個關鍵因素。 [06:23.09]Demand forecasting is difficult.No matter which method is used,it will not be accurate. [06:25.84]需求預測是很難的，不管用哪種方法，預測結果都不會非常精確。 [06:28.60]When planning ahead,coping with inaccuracy is better than having no forecast at all. [06:31.72]提前進行計劃來消除預測誤差總比根本沒有預測要好些。 [06:34.84]A prerequisite for capacity planning is a statement of demand. [06:37.01]生產(chǎn)能力計劃的一個前提是了解需求。 [06:39.18]A prerequisite for capacity planning is a statement of demand. [06:41.42]生產(chǎn)能力計劃的一個前提是了解需求。 [06:43.67]capacity planning [06:44.40]能力計劃 [06:45.13]The perishable nature of service capacity has led some organizations to overbook on purpose in order to ensure that the capacity is used as much as possible. [06:51.06]服務能力的暫時性使得一些公司超額預定生產(chǎn)力，以保證生產(chǎn)能力盡可能的充分利用。 [06:56.99]Operations control concerns meeting a company's short_term specific plans. [06:59.96]生產(chǎn)控制的目的是實現(xiàn)企業(yè)的短期計劃。 [07:02.92]The key element of the control task for a continuous system is one of providing the materials needed to complete the products involved. [07:07.90]對連續(xù)系統(tǒng)進行控制管理的關鍵是提供完成有關產(chǎn)品所需要的材料。 [07:12.88]The key to reducing inventory is based on knowing why the current levels exist,changing the rules/procedures which caused this excessive build_up and then,over time,draining off the unwanted inventory while allowing only agreed additions to be made. [07:23.95]減少庫存的關鍵在于：了解處于現(xiàn)有庫存水平的原因，改變導致庫存過量的規(guī)劃/程序，再逐步地消化不需要的庫存，同時只允許一定量的庫存增加。 [07:35.03]The concept of quality concerns how well and for how long a product/service meets the requirements of the customer. [07:40.11]質量是指產(chǎn)品或服務在多大程度上和多長時間里滿足顧客的需求。

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