大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程下冊(cè)課文(帶字幕)06

[00:00.00]Unit 6 text A Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics
[00:04.24]通過(guò)機(jī)器人技術(shù)提高工業(yè)效率
[00:08.49]Robots,becoming increasingly prevalent in factories
[00:14.73]and industrial plants throughout the developed world,
[00:17.41]在機(jī)器人不斷普及的發(fā)達(dá)世界的工廠里，
[00:20.09]are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.
[00:24.25]人們對(duì)機(jī)器人進(jìn)行編程和設(shè)計(jì),使之在無(wú)人的情況下執(zhí)行工業(yè)任務(wù).
[00:28.42]Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry,
[00:31.95] 現(xiàn)在多數(shù)機(jī)器翻譯人用于汽車工業(yè),
[00:35.47]where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding
[00:38.66]它們按照編好的程序
[00:41.85]and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
[00:44.63]接任了汽車和卡車車身的焊接和噴漆這一類工作.
[00:47.41]They also load and unload hot,
[00:49.84]它們也裝卸燒鑄
[00:52.27]heavy metal forms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.
[00:56.45]汽車和火車杠架的機(jī)器中所用其所的熾熱,笨生的金屬鑄模.
[01:00.63]Robots,already taking over human tasks in the automotive field,
[01:04.40]已經(jīng)在汽車領(lǐng)域接任了人類任務(wù)的機(jī)器人
[01:08.18]are beginning to be seen,although to a lesser degree in other industries as well.
[01:12.27]也同樣開(kāi)始在其他工業(yè)中看到,雖然使用程度低一些.
[01:16.36]There they build electric motors,
[01:19.09]在那里它們制造電動(dòng)馬達(dá),
[01:21.82]small appliances,pocket calculators, and even watches.
[01:25.45]小型器械,袖珍計(jì)算器,甚至手表.
[01:29.08]The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials
[01:32.94]核電站里的機(jī)器人使放射性的原料
[01:36.81]preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
[01:40.19]預(yù)防人員因顯露而傳染。
[01:43.58]These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new industry.
[01:48.20]機(jī)器人可以減少這一新型工業(yè)中與工作有關(guān)的傷害.
[01:52.82]What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine
[01:57.21]什么使得機(jī)器人成為機(jī)器翻譯人而不僅僅是其他的自動(dòng)化機(jī)器呢?
[02:01.60]Robots differ from automatic machines
[02:04.38]機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)化機(jī)器的區(qū)別在于
[02:07.16]in that after completion of one specific task,
[02:10.09]它們?cè)谕瓿梢豁?xiàng)特寫(xiě)任務(wù)后
[02:13.02]they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
[02:16.40]可由計(jì)算機(jī)重新編程去執(zhí)行另一任務(wù).
[02:19.78]As an example,a robot doing spot welding one month
[02:23.01]舉個(gè)例子:一個(gè)做了一個(gè)月點(diǎn)焊的機(jī)器人
[02:26.23]can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next.
[02:29.56]可以重新編程,下一個(gè)月轉(zhuǎn)而去噴漆.
[02:32.89]Automatic machines,on the other hands are not capable of many different uses
[02:36.83]相反,自動(dòng)化機(jī)器沒(méi)有許多不同的用途,
[02:40.76]they are built to perform only one task.
[02:43.49]它們只是為了執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)而制造的.
[02:46.22]The next generation of robots will be able to see objects,
[02:49.65]下一代機(jī)器人將能看見(jiàn)物體,
[02:53.09]will have a sense of touch,and will make critical decisions.
[02:56.21]具有觸覺(jué),能做出關(guān)鍵決定.
[02:59.33]Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technologyn
[03:02.57]微電子學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)方面的熟練工程人員
[03:05.81]are developing artificial vision for robots.\
[03:08.33]正在為機(jī)器人開(kāi)發(fā)人造視力.
[03:10.85]With the ability to "see",
[03:12.82]有了"看"的能力,
[03:14.80]robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects
[03:18.57]機(jī)器人可以從一堆不同材料中鑒別,
[03:22.34]out of a stack of different kinds of materials.
[03:25.07]檢查出具體的一物體.
[03:27.80]One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras
[03:34.78]containing many rows of light-sensitive materials.
[03:37.56]機(jī)器人視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)采用含有多行感光材料的電子數(shù)字照相機(jī).
[03:40.34]When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera
[03:43.43]當(dāng)一個(gè)物體(如機(jī)器零件)上的光線照射到照相機(jī)上,
[03:46.51]the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light
[03:49.24]感光材料衡量光的強(qiáng)度,
[03:51.97]and convert the light rays into a range of numbers.
[03:54.95]把光線轉(zhuǎn)化成一毓的數(shù)字.
[03:57.92]The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness
[04:00.80]這些數(shù)字是灰度系統(tǒng)里亮度
[04:03.67]is measured in a range of values.
[04:06.91]由一毓的數(shù)值測(cè)量.
[04:10.15]One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255.
[04:14.72]一個(gè)刻度范圍是0到15,另一個(gè)是0到255.
[04:19.29]The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white.
[04:22.78]0用黑色表示,最高的數(shù)值是白色的,
[04:26.27]The numbers in between represent different shades of gray.
[04:29.65]之間的數(shù)字用不同的灰色陰影表示.
[04:33.03]The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture
[04:36.51]然后計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,
[04:39.98]that shows an image of the object in question.
[04:42.96]并將數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成一幅表明該物體形象的圖像.
[04:45.94]It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.
[04:49.91]人們不知道是否有一天機(jī)器人能具有像人類一樣好的視覺(jué).
[04:53.88]Technicians believe they will,but only after years of development.
[04:57.31]技術(shù)人員相信它們會(huì)的,只是需要多年的開(kāi)發(fā).
[05:00.75]Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands
[05:04.93]在其他方面努力取得進(jìn)展的工程人員正在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)
[05:09.11] and fingers,giving robots a sense of touch.
[05:12.03]新型金屬手臂和手指,使機(jī)器人具有觸覺(jué).
[05:14.96]Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions
[05:18.20]其他工程人員正在編寫(xiě)新的程序使機(jī)器人做出這樣的決定:
[05:21.44]such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products.
[05:24.68]是否拋棄已完成產(chǎn)品中有缺陷的零件.
[05:27.92]To do this,
[05:29.38]要做到這一點(diǎn),
[05:30.84]the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.
[05:34.71]機(jī)器人還必須具有鑒別有缺陷零件的能力.
[05:38.57]These future robots,assembled with a sense of touch
[05:41.46]集觸覺(jué),看的能力和做決定能力于一體的
[05:44.35]and the ability to see and make decisions,will have plenty of work to do.
[05:47.92]這些未來(lái)機(jī)器人將可以做很多工作.
[05:51.50]They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor
[05:54.32]它們可用于洋底探礦
[05:57.15]or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter.
[06:00.48]或探測(cè)人類進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)的深層區(qū)域的礦物.
[06:03.81]They will work as gas station attendants,
[06:06.08]它們可以做加油站服務(wù)人員,
[06:08.35]firemen,housekeepers,and security personnel.
[06:11.13]消防員,管家和安全人員的工作.
[06:13.92]Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future
[06:19.17]will have to know about robotics.
[06:21.24]任何希望了解未來(lái)工業(yè)的人必須懂機(jī)器人.
[06:23.32]Text B Predicting Earthquakes
[06:25.84]地震預(yù)報(bào)
[06:28.36]Can earthquakes be predicted?
[06:30.09] 地震能夠預(yù)報(bào)嗎?
[06:31.81]Scientists are working on programs to predict where and when
[06:36.98]an earthquake will occur.
[06:38.75]科學(xué)家正致力于研究預(yù)報(bào)地震何地何時(shí)發(fā)生的計(jì)劃.
[06:40.51]They hope to develop an early warning system
[06:42.69]他們希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種早期警報(bào)系統(tǒng),
[06:44.87]that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that lives can be saved.
[06:47.80]用來(lái)預(yù)報(bào)地震,以挽救人們的生命.
[06:50.72]Earthquakes are the most dangerous and deadly of all natural events
[06:53.52] 地震是自然災(zāi)難中最危險(xiǎn)和最致使的,
[06:56.31]They occur in many parts of the world.
[06:58.23]發(fā)生在世界上許多地方.
[07:00.15]Giant earthquakes have been recorded
[07:04.10]in Iran,China,Guatemala,Chile,India,and Alaska.
[07:08.28]伊朗,中國(guó),危地馬拉,智利,印度和阿拉斯加都有過(guò)大地震的記錄.
[07:12.46]Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded
[07:16.92]took place in China and Alaska.
[07:19.11]有記載的兩次最大的地震發(fā)生在中國(guó)和阿拉斯加.
[07:21.29]These earthquakes measured about 8.5 on the Richter Scale.
[07:24.21]這兩次地震經(jīng)測(cè)量約為里氏8.5級(jí).
[07:27.14]The Richter Scale was devised by Charles Richter in 1935,
[07:30.46]里氏震級(jí)是1935年查爾斯.里克特發(fā)明的,
[07:33.77]and compares the energy level of earthquakes.
[07:36.05]用以比較地震的能量等級(jí).
[07:38.32]An earthquake that measures a 2 on the scale
[07:40.45]里氏震級(jí)測(cè)出的2級(jí)地震可以感覺(jué)到,
[07:42.58]can be felt but causes little damage.
[07:44.95]但幾乎不會(huì)帶來(lái)破壞;
[07:47.33]One that measures 4.5 on the scale can cause slight damage,
[07:50.36]測(cè)為4.5級(jí)的地震能帶來(lái)輕微破壞,
[07:53.39]and an earthquake that has a reading of over 7 can cause major damage
[07:56.32]讀數(shù)超過(guò)7級(jí)的地震會(huì)帶來(lái)較大破壞.
[07:59.24]It is important to note that a reading of 4
[08:01.27]一定要注意到讀數(shù)為4級(jí)的地震
[08:03.29]indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3.
[08:06.41]表明其強(qiáng)度為讀數(shù)3級(jí)的地震的10倍.
[08:09.53]Scientists want to be able to predict those earthquakes
[08:14.26]that have a reading of over 4 on the Richter Scale.
[08:16.69]科學(xué)家們想預(yù)報(bào)那些讀數(shù)超過(guò)里氏4級(jí)的地震.
[08:19.12]How do earthquakes occur?
[08:20.75] 地震是如何發(fā)生的呢?
[08:22.39]Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks
[08:24.61]地震是由沿著地殼中的裂縫,
[08:26.83]along cracks or faults,in the earth's crust.
[08:29.47]或稱斷層處的巖石發(fā)生位移而引起的.
[08:32.10]The fault is produced
[08:35.27]when rocks near each other are pulled in different directions.
[08:37.84]當(dāng)鄰近巖石受到不同方向的拉力時(shí)便產(chǎn)生了斷層.
[08:40.41]The best-known fault in North America is the San Andreas fault
[08:43.39]北美洲最著名的斷層是
[08:46.37]in the state of California in the United States.
[08:48.74]位于美國(guó)加利福尼來(lái)州的圣安德烈亞斯斷層.
[08:51.12]The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction
[08:53.30]積極參與地震預(yù)報(bào)研究的國(guó)家
[08:55.48]program in clude Japan,China,Russia,and the United States.
[08:59.36]包括日本,中國(guó),俄羅斯和美國(guó).
[09:03.24]These countries have set up seismic networks in areas of their countries
[09:07.34]where earthquakes are known to occur.
[09:09.33]這些國(guó)家在本國(guó)發(fā)生地震地地區(qū)建立了地震網(wǎng)絡(luò).
[09:11.31]These networks are on the alert
[09:15.08]for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers
[09:17.56]這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直處于戒備狀態(tài),搜索告警的跡象,
[09:20.04]that can precede an earthquake.
[09:21.92]這些跡象顯示出在地震前可能發(fā)生的巖層松動(dòng)的狀況.
[09:23.80]Many kinds of seismic instruments
[09:28.06]are used by the networks to monitor the movements of the earth's crust.
[09:30.58]這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)用多種地震儀器來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)地殼的運(yùn)動(dòng).
[09:33.10]The scientists also check water in deep wells.
[09:35.43]科學(xué)家還檢查深井里的水,
[09:37.75]They watch for changes in the water level
[09:41.83]and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.
[09:44.50]他們密切注意與斷層運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的水位和水溫的變化.
[09:47.18]Scientists in China,Russia,and the United States measure radon in ground water.
[09:50.90]中國(guó),俄國(guó)和美國(guó)的科學(xué)家們測(cè)量地下水中的氡.
[09:54.63]Radon is a gas that comes from the radioactive decay of radium in rocks.
[09:57.75]氡是來(lái)自巖石中鐳輻射衰變而產(chǎn)生的一種氣體.
[10:00.87]The gas flows through the ground and dissolves in underground streams and wells.
[10:04.15]這種氣體從地面溢出并溶解到地下水和井里.
[10:07.43]Scientists speculate that the amount of radon increases in the ground
[10:10.31]科學(xué)家們推測(cè)當(dāng)巖層發(fā)生位移時(shí),地層中氡的數(shù)量就會(huì)增加;
[10:13.20]when rocks layers shift,exposing new rock,and thus more radon.
[10:16.42]新巖石露出時(shí),就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多更好的氡.
[10:19.65]Chinese and Russian scientists
[10:21.43]中國(guó)和俄國(guó)科學(xué)家
[10:23.20]have reported that in places where stress is building up,
[10:25.54]已有記錄,在應(yīng)力增長(zhǎng)的地方,
[10:27.88]the radon levels of the water build up too.
[10:30.01]水里氡的含量也就增長(zhǎng).
[10:32.14]When the radon levels of the water subside
[10:34.21]當(dāng)水中氡的含量下降,
[10:36.29]and drop back to normal reading san earthquake may occur.
[10:38.86]回到正常讀數(shù)時(shí),地震就可能發(fā)生.
[10:41.44]United States scientists
[10:44.81]have also placed radon monitoring stations in earthquake zones,
[10:50.27]particularly California.
[10:52.04]美國(guó)科學(xué)家也在地震區(qū),特別是加利福尼亞,設(shè)置了氡監(jiān)測(cè)站.
[10:53.82]However,all the scientists agree that more data is necessary
[10:56.69]不過(guò),所有科學(xué)家都一致認(rèn)為,
[10:59.57]to prove that radon' levels in water
[11:03.41]are associated with the possible birth of an earthquake.
[11:05.89]需要有更多的資料才能證明水中氡的含量和可能發(fā)生的地震有關(guān).
[11:08.37]Earthquake prediction is still a young science.
[11:10.43]地震預(yù)報(bào)還是一門(mén)年輕的科學(xué).
[11:12.50]Everyone agrees that earthquakes Cannot be predicted with any reliability.
[11:15.58]人們都以為不可能可靠地預(yù)報(bào)地震.
[11:18.66]Scientists have only a partial understanding
[11:22.92]of the physical processes that cause earthquakes.
[11:25.10]科學(xué)家們只是對(duì)引起地震的物理過(guò)程有部分理解,
[11:27.28]Much more research has to be done.
[11:29.20]更多的研究要由人們?nèi)プ?
[11:31.12]New and more up-to-date methods
[11:34.78]have to be found for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it.
[11:37.46]必須去發(fā)現(xiàn)新的和更多的現(xiàn)代化的方法去懼地震數(shù)據(jù)并加以分析.
[11:40.13]However,scientists have had some success in predicting earthquakes
[11:43.01]不過(guò),科學(xué)家們?cè)陬A(yù)測(cè)地震方面已取得了一些成功.
[11:45.88]Several small earthquakes were predicted in New York State,
[11:50.61]in the eastern part of the United States.
[11:52.54]美國(guó)東部紐約州幾次小地震已被預(yù)報(bào)到.
[11:54.48]Chinese scientists predicted a major one in Halcheng in 1975,
[11:57.65]1975年中國(guó)預(yù)報(bào)了海城大地震,
[12:00.82]and Russian scientists predicted a major one in Garm in 1978.
[12:03.96]1978年俄國(guó)科學(xué)家預(yù)報(bào)了加爾姆大地震.
[12:07.09]While this is a small start,it is still a beginning.
[12:09.46]雖然這只是個(gè)小小的起步,但畢竟是一個(gè)開(kāi)端.