大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程下冊(cè)課文(帶字幕)04

[00:00.00]Unit 4 text A Slavery on Our Doorstep
[00:03.75]我們身邊的奴役
[00:07.50]There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants
[00:11.38]據(jù)估計(jì),在英國(guó)工作的外籍家庭傭人有兩萬多人
[00:15.26]working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office,
[00:19.28](因?yàn)樘幚磉@項(xiàng)事務(wù)的政府部門---內(nèi)政部
[00:23.30]the Government department that deals with this,does not keep statistics)
[00:26.68]沒有做統(tǒng)計(jì),所以不知道確切的數(shù)目).
[00:30.07]Usually,they have been brought over by foreign businessmen,
[00:32.85]通常,他們被外國(guó)商人,外交官
[00:35.63]diplomats or Britons returning from abroad.
[00:38.06]和從海外歸來的英國(guó)人帶來.
[00:40.49]Of these 20,000,just under 2,000 are being exploited
[00:44.42]兩萬名傭人中有近2000人被他們的雇主剝削,虐待,
[00:48.35]and abused by their employers according to a London-based campaigning group
[00:56.01]which helps overseas servants working in Britain.
[00:58.68]根據(jù)某個(gè)設(shè)在倫敦的幫助在英國(guó)工作的國(guó)外傭人的政治組織講,
[01:01.36]The abuse can take several forms.
[01:04.29]虐待有多種形式.
[01:07.21]Often the domestics are not allowed to go out,
[01:12.96]and they do not receive any payment.
[01:15.18]傭人經(jīng)常不允許出去,也得不到任何報(bào)酬.
[01:17.40]They can be physically,sexually and psychologically abused.
[01:20.94]他們受到身體上的,性方面的和心理上的虐待.
[01:24.48]And they can have their passports removed
[01:26.91]他們的護(hù)照可能已被拿走,
[01:29.34]making leaving or"escaping" virtually impossible.
[01:32.46]使其實(shí)際上不可能離開或"逃走".
[01:35.58]The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world
[01:38.91]今年早些時(shí)候引起大眾高度注意的事件中,
[01:42.24]received much media attention earlier this yearin several highly publicised cases.
[01:46.48]全世界女傭的悲慘善得到了媒體的注意.
[01:50.71]In one of them,
[01:52.39]其中一個(gè)事件是,
[01:54.08]a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder,
[01:57.55]其中一個(gè)事件是,一個(gè)菲律賓女傭在被判謀殺罪后,在新加坡被處決.
[02:01.03]despite protests from various quarters that her guilt
[02:07.58]had not been adequately established.
[02:09.96]盡管各方面都抗議她的罪行尚未充分證實(shí).
[02:12.34]Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other,less dramatic,cases
[02:16.41]類似于國(guó)際反奴隸制的團(tuán)體聲稱,其他一些不太富戲劇性的情況
[02:20.49]are equally deserving of attention,
[02:22.76]也同樣值得注意,
[02:25.03]such as that of Lydia Garcia a filipino maid working in London:
[02:28.66]如一個(gè)在倫敦工作的菲律賓女傭,莉迪亞.加西亞事件.
[02:32.29]"I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.
[02:36.62]"我受雇于一位沙特外交官,1989年直接從菲律賓來倫敦工作.
[02:40.94]I was supposed to be paid 120 but I never received that amount.
[02:44.82]我本應(yīng)該得到120英鎊報(bào)酬,但我從示得到那個(gè)數(shù)目.
[02:48.70]They always threatened that they would send me back to my country.
[02:51.94]他們一直威脅說要把我遣送回國(guó).
[02:55.18]Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.
[02:57.75]此外,還有來自斯里蘭卡的庫(kù)馬里事件.
[03:00.32]The main breadwinner in her family,
[03:02.56]她家主要靠她賺錢維持生計(jì),
[03:04.79]she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
[03:08.37]她曾在斯里蘭卡一家茶廠掙一份微薄的工資.
[03:11.95]Because she found it difficult to feed her four children,
[03:14.57]因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)很難養(yǎng)活她的四個(gè)孩子,
[03:17.20]she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
[03:20.18]她接受了在倫敦做傭人的一份工作.
[03:23.15]She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked
[03:26.48]她說在那所她工作的倫敦房子里感覺像個(gè)囚犯:
[03:29.82]"No days off--ever,no breaks at all,no proper food,
[03:33.75]"沒有假期--從來沒有.根本沒有間歇,沒有適宜的食物.
[03:37.68]I didn't have my own room;
[03:39.81]我沒有自己的房間,
[03:41.94]I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.
[03:45.62]睡在一個(gè)架子上,上面只有三英尺的空間.
[03:49.30]I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.
[03:53.98]I wasn't even allowed to open the window.
[03:56.25]不允許與任何人講話,甚至不允許打開窗子.
[03:58.52]My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police
[04:02.35]我的雇主常威脅我要向內(nèi)政部或警方報(bào)告.
[04:06.18]At the end of 1994
[04:08.40]1994年年底,
[04:10.62]the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers
[04:14.00]英國(guó)政府引進(jìn)新的措施來幫助保護(hù)家務(wù)工作者,
[04:17.38]from abuse by their employers.
[04:19.45]使其免受雇主的虐待.
[04:21.51]This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18,
[04:24.99]其中包括把雇員的最低年齡提高到18歲,
[04:28.46]getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet,
[04:31.49]讓雇員閱讀并理解一份忠告?zhèn)鲉?
[04:34.52]getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions
[04:38.54]使雇主同意提供適當(dāng)?shù)纳钯M(fèi)用和條件,
[04:42.57]and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job
[04:45.75]把工作的主要條款和條件形成文字
[04:48.94](of which the employees should see a copy).
[04:51.37](雇員應(yīng)看到副本).
[04:53.80]However,many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.
[04:57.93] 然而,許多工作人懷疑這樣是否能成功地減少虐待發(fā)生.
[05:02.05]For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics
[05:08.30]who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions
[05:11.42]但抱怨殘酷生活和工作條件的車外女傭和家仆們面臨的主要問題是
[05:14.54]is thatthey do not have independent immigrant status
[05:17.48]他們沒有獨(dú)立的移民身份,
[05:20.42]and so cannot change employer.
[05:22.64]因此就不能更換雇主
[05:24.86](They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules
[05:28.74](他們之所以能住宅區(qū)在英國(guó)
[05:32.62]which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)
[05:35.74]是因?yàn)橐泼穹ㄌ卦S權(quán)允許外國(guó)專家人帶的傭人住在英國(guó)).
[05:38.86]So if they do complain,they risk being deported.
[05:41.89]所以,他們真的抱怨的話,就有被驅(qū)逐出境的危險(xiǎn).
[05:44.92]Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work
[05:48.36]允許他們向不同的雇主尋求同樣形式的工作.
[05:51.79]but with a different employer,
[05:55.45]if they so choose,is what groups like Anti-Slavery International
[05:58.97]選擇這樣做的話,這就是像國(guó)際反奴隸制這樣的組織正極力向政府爭(zhēng)取的.
[06:02.50]are campaigning the Government for.
[06:07.23]It is,they say,the right to change employers
[06:13.71]which distinguishes employment from slavery.
[06:16.44]他們說,正是改換雇主的權(quán)利把雇傭和奴役區(qū)別開來.
[06:19.17]Text B Return of The Chain Gang
[06:21.84]帶鐵鏈的囚犯隊(duì)又回來了
[06:24.52]Eyewitnesses say it was a scene straight out of a black and white movie from the 1950s.
[06:27.80]目擊者稱這是直接取自20世紀(jì)50年代一部黑白影片的一個(gè)鏡頭.
[06:31.08]As the sun rose over the fields of Huntsville,Alabama,in the American South
[06:34.11]當(dāng)太陽(yáng)升起在美國(guó)南部阿拉巴馬州亨茨維爾的曠野上的時(shí)候,
[06:37.14]the convicts got down from the trucks that had brought them there.
[06:39.50]罪犯?jìng)儚陌阉麄儙У侥抢锏目ㄜ嚿舷聛?
[06:41.87]Watched over by guards with guns,
[06:43.79]在攜槍的警衛(wèi)的監(jiān)視下,
[06:45.71]they raised their legs in unison
[06:49.26]and made their wayto the edge of he highway,Interstate 65.
[06:52.19]他們步伐一致地走向65號(hào)州際公路邊.
[06:55.11]The BBC's Washington correspondent Clare Boderson was there
[06:57.95]BBC駐華盛頓記者克萊爾.博爾德森正在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),
[07:00.78]and she sent this report:
[07:02.36]他發(fā)出如下報(bào)道:
[07:03.94]"They wore white uniforms with the words "Chain Gang" on their backs
[07:07.12] "他們穿著背印有'鐵鏈囚犯隊(duì)'的白色囚服,
[07:10.29]and,in groups of five,
[07:12.17]五人一組,
[07:14.05]were shackled together in leg irons joined by an eight-foot chain.
[07:16.98]用一條長(zhǎng)八英尺的鐵鏈將腳鐐連在一起.
[07:19.90]The prisoners will work for up to 90 days on the gang:
[07:22.28]囚犯?jìng)円凰┦㈤_隊(duì),勞動(dòng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)90天.
[07:24.66]they'll clear ditches of weeds and mend fences along Alabama's main roads
[07:28.04]他們要清除阿拉巴馬的主要公路沿線溝中的雜草,修理護(hù)欄.
[07:31.42]While they are working on the gang,
[07:33.25]他們被拴成一隊(duì)工作時(shí),
[07:35.08]they'll also live in some of the harshest prison conditions in the United States.
[07:38.06]還要住在美國(guó)最嚴(yán)酷的監(jiān)獄環(huán)境中.
[07:41.04]There'll be no televisions or phone calls;
[07:43.16]沒有電視或電話,
[07:45.29]many other day-to-day privileges will be denied."
[07:47.81]許多日常的基本權(quán)利也拒絕給予."
[07:50.33]The authorities in Alabama
[07:52.07]阿拉巴馬州官方講,
[07:53.81]say there is a lot of support for there,introduction of chain gangs in the State
[07:59.76]after a gap of 30 years
[08:01.59]在30年后許多工作人支持在州里恢復(fù)用鐵鏈把囚犯拴在起的做法
[08:03.42](the last gangs were abolished in Georgia in the early 1960s).
[08:06.24](在20世紀(jì)60年代早期佐治來州廢除了最后一批鐵鏈囚犯隊(duì)).
[08:09.06]Many people believe it is an effective way
[08:13.64]to get criminals to pay back their debt to society.
[08:15.86]許多工作人相信這是一種讓罪犯向社會(huì)還清債務(wù)的有效途徑.
[08:18.08]The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets.
[08:20.35]囚犯?jìng)兩蠋鶗r(shí)也戴著鐐銬,
[08:22.62]They reacted sharply to the treatment they are given:
[08:24.89]他們強(qiáng)烈反抗他們所受到的待遇.
[08:27.17]Prisoner one: "This is like a circus.A zoo.
[08:30.04]第一個(gè)囚犯說:"這像是一個(gè)馬戲團(tuán),一個(gè)動(dòng)物園.
[08:32.91]All chained here to a zoo.We're all animals now."
[08:35.64]這里所有的人都拴在動(dòng)物園里,現(xiàn)在我們就像動(dòng)物一樣."
[08:38.37]Prisoner two: "It's degrading. It's embarrassing."
[08:41.25]第二個(gè)囚犯說:"這時(shí)污辱,令人困窘."
[08:44.12]Prisoner three: "In chains. It's slavery!"
[08:47.01]第三個(gè)囚犯說:"戴著鎖鏈,這簡(jiǎn)直是奴隸制."
[08:49.89]Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black,
[08:52.26]每十個(gè)戴鎖鏈的囚犯里有六個(gè)黑人,
[08:54.62]which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by
[08:57.65]這就是為什么使戴鎖鏈的囚犯?jìng)兿肫饚讉€(gè)世紀(jì)以前的奴隸制的情景.
[09:00.68]when black people were brought from Africa in leg irons
[09:03.01]那時(shí),黑人戴著腳鐐從非洲被帶來,
[09:05.33]and made to work in plantations owned by white men.
[09:07.67]被近在白人擁有的種植園里干活兒.
[09:10.01]Not surprisingly,
[09:11.54]毫不令人奇怪的是,
[09:13.06]although threequartersof the white population of Alabama supports chain gangs,
[09:15.99]雖然3/4的阿拉巴馬州的白人支持把囚犯用鐵鏈拴在一起,
[09:18.92]only a small number of black people do.
[09:20.89]但只有少數(shù)黑人支持.
[09:22.86]Don Claxton,spokesman for the State Government of Alabama,
[09:25.84]阿拉巴馬州政府發(fā)言人唐.克萊克斯頓堅(jiān)持說,
[09:28.82]insists that the system is not racist:
[09:30.84]這種制度并非種族歧視:
[09:32.87]"This isn't something that's done for racial reasons,for political reasons.
[09:35.74]"并不是由于種族或政治原因而這樣做.
[09:38.61]This is something that's going to help save the people of Alabama tax money
[09:41.39]這樣做能幫助節(jié)省阿拉馬馬州的稅收,
[09:44.18]because they don't have to pay as many officers to work on the highways.
[09:46.81]因?yàn)椴槐卦贋樵诠飞瞎ぷ魅藛T付報(bào)酬了.
[09:49.45]And it's going to help clean up our highways
[09:51.48]并且這也會(huì)幫助清理公路,
[09:53.50]and it's going to help clean up the State."
[09:55.38]有助于清潔整個(gè)州.
[09:57.26]However,the re-introduction of these measures
[10:01.91]has caused a great deal of strong disagreement.
[10:03.99]然而,重新彩這些措施招致了許多強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì).
[10:06.07]Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains
[10:08.80]人權(quán)組織聲稱,把囚犯用鐵鏈鎖起來
[10:11.53]is not only inhumane but also ineffective.
[10:13.96]不公不人道,而且不起作用.
[10:16.39]Alvin Bronstein,member of the Civil Liberties Union,
[10:19.06]國(guó)民自由協(xié)會(huì)的成員阿爾文.布朗斯坦認(rèn)為,
[10:21.74]says that study after study has shown
[10:23.92]多次研究表明
[10:26.10]you cannot prevent people from committing crimesby punishment
[10:31.07]or the threat of punishment:
[10:32.89]通過懲罰或威脅智囊團(tuán)不能阻止人們犯罪,
[10:34.72]"What they will do is make prisoners more angry,more hostile,
[10:37.40]"他們這樣做的結(jié)果將是使犯人更惱怒,更有敵意.
[10:40.08]so that when they get ut of prison,
[10:41.82]因此當(dāng)他們從監(jiān)獄里出來時(shí),
[10:43.55]they will increase the level of their criminal behaviour."
[10:45.83]就會(huì)犯更大大的罪行."
[10:48.10]Civil liberties groups say that chaining people together
[10:50.53]國(guó)民自由團(tuán)體說,用鐵鏈把人們鎖在一起
[10:52.96]doesn't solve the causes of crime,
[10:54.94]解決不了犯罪的誘因,
[10:56.93]such as poverty or disaffection within society.
[10:59.20]如社會(huì)的貧窮或不滿.
[11:01.47]What it does is punish prisoners for the ills of society.
[11:04.01]這樣做就是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)的病態(tài)而懲罰罪犯.
[11:06.54]They say the practice takes the United States back to the Middle Ages,
[11:09.17]他們說這種行為會(huì)把美國(guó)帶回中世紀(jì),
[11:11.79]and that it is a shame to American society.
[11:13.97]這是美國(guó)社會(huì)的恥辱.
[11:16.15]But that's not an argument likely to win favour
[11:20.52]among many people in the Deep South of the United States.
[11:22.84]但這種爭(zhēng)論不大可能記得美國(guó)南方腹地人們的支持.
[11:25.17]Alabama's experiment is to be widened to include more prisoners,
[11:27.96]阿拉馬州的實(shí)驗(yàn)(這種懲罰方式)將要被推廣到更大多囚犯向上.
[11:30.76]and other States,such as Arkansas and Arizona,
[11:33.28]其他州,諸如阿肯鈀州和亞利桑那州,
[11:35.80]will very probably introduce their own chain gang schemes.
[11:38.37]很可能要推行他們自己的為囚犯鎖上鐵鏈的計(jì)劃.