國(guó)家地理:為什么旅行是一項(xiàng)基本的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)(1)

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I've been putting my passport to good use lately. I use it as a coaster and to level wobbly table legs. It makes an excellent cat toy.

最近我善加利用了我的護(hù)照。我把它用來(lái)當(dāng)杯墊，墊在高低不一的桌腳下。給貓咪玩也很棒。

Welcome to the pandemic of disappointments. Canceled trips, or ones never planned lest they be canceled. Family reunions, study-abroad years, lazy beach vacations. Poof. Gone. Obliterated by a tiny virus.

歡迎來(lái)到“失望大流行”。取消的旅行，或唯恐被取消而直接打消的旅行念頭。家族聚會(huì)、海外留學(xué)、慵懶的海灘假期。噗，沒(méi)了。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小小的病毒而蕩然無(wú)存。

Only a third of Americans say they have traveled overnight for leisure since March, and only slightly more, 38 percent, say they are likely to do so by the end of the year, according to one report. Only a quarter of us plan on leaving home for Thanksgiving, typically the busiest travel time. The numbers paint a grim picture of our stilled lives.

一份報(bào)告顯示，自3月份以來(lái)，只有三分之一的美國(guó)人表示他們有過(guò)為休閑而通宵旅行的經(jīng)歷，只有38%的人表示他們可能會(huì)在年底前這么做。只有四分之一的美國(guó)人計(jì)劃在感恩節(jié)離開(kāi)家，這通常是最繁忙的旅行時(shí)間。這些數(shù)字描繪了我們死氣沉沉的生活。

It is not natural for us to be this sedentary. Travel is in our genes. For most of the time our species has existed, "we've lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers moving about in small bands of 150 or fewer people," writes Christopher Ryan in Civilized to Death. This nomadic life was no accident. It was useful. "Moving to a neighboring band is always an option to avoid brewing conflict or just for a change in social scenery," says Ryan. Robert Louis Stevenson put it more succinctly: "The great affair is to move."

像這樣長(zhǎng)久待在同一個(gè)地方對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)并不自然。旅行寫(xiě)在我們的基因里。在人類(lèi)存在的大多數(shù)時(shí)間，“我們一直是居無(wú)定所的狩獵采集者，以150人以下的小群體移動(dòng)?！笨死锼苟喔！とR恩在其著作《文明至死》中寫(xiě)道。這樣居無(wú)定所的生活并非偶然形成，而是有其功用。萊恩指出：“遷移到鄰近的族群中，一直是個(gè)化解自己團(tuán)體內(nèi)部醞釀的沖突以及轉(zhuǎn)換社交場(chǎng)景的手段?！睂?xiě)了《金銀島》的19世紀(jì)作家羅伯特·劉易斯·史蒂文森說(shuō)得更精簡(jiǎn)：“移動(dòng)是人類(lèi)的大事?！?/p>

What if we can't move, though? What if we're unable to hunt or gather? What's a traveler to do? There are many ways to answer that question. "Despair," though, is not one of them.

但如果我們不能移動(dòng)會(huì)怎么樣？如果我們無(wú)法狩獵或采集會(huì)怎么樣？一名旅人又該如何是好？問(wèn)題的答案雖有千百種，但“絕望”不會(huì)是其中之一。