國家地理:你的醫(yī)療未來(7)

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Some technologies dramatically enhance the accuracy and speed of clinicians' efforts. Identifying a bacterial or viral infection, and the best drugs to treat it, can mean long waits for blood cultures. But scientists have developed biochips that can do a complete microbial scan in a couple of hours, without culturing -- and in the process may identify mutations that make some microbes antibiotic resistant.

一些科技大幅提高了臨床醫(yī)師工作的準(zhǔn)確度與速度。為了辨識細(xì)菌或病毒感染，以及找出最佳藥物進(jìn)行治療，可能得花上長時間等待血液培養(yǎng)。但科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種生物芯片，可在幾個小時內(nèi)完成微生物掃描--無需人工培養(yǎng)--而且在這個過程中還可能辨識出讓某些微生物具有抗藥性的突變。

The boom in research into the human microbiome -- the trillions of bacteria on and in each individual's body -- is encouraging new modes of diagnosis and increasing understanding. Genetic analysis could help unlock the many secrets of the gut microbiome, believed to play a role in the risk and development of obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and even neurologic conditions.

針對人體微生物群系（每個人體表和體內(nèi)所存在的數(shù)兆只細(xì)菌）的研究正蓬勃發(fā)展，衍生出新的診斷模式和知識。遺傳分析可以幫助解開腸道菌群的許多秘密，這些菌群可能是肥胖、炎癥性腸病、心血管疾病甚至神經(jīng)疾病的風(fēng)險和發(fā)作的影響因子。

Thanks to artificial intelligence and machine learning, diagnostic tools can be trained to read tissue samples and radiologic scans. Google researchers fed more than a quarter-million patients' retinal scans into algorithms that recognize patterns -- and the technology "learned" to spot which patterns predict a patient has high blood pressure or is at increased risk for heart attack or stroke. In some comparisons, digital tools produced more accurate analyses than did human pathologists, dermatologists, or radiologists.

由于人工智能與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)，我們可以訓(xùn)練診斷工具來讀取組織樣本和放射性掃描。Google研究人員把超過25萬名患者的視網(wǎng)膜掃描輸入算法來辨識模式，而算法會“學(xué)習(xí)”識別哪些模式可以預(yù)測出患者罹患高血壓，或者罹患心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險將愈來愈高。在一些比較中，數(shù)字工具產(chǎn)生的分析結(jié)果，比人類病理學(xué)家、皮膚科醫(yī)師或放射科醫(yī)生更加準(zhǔn)確。