國(guó)家地理:盂蘭盆節(jié)的“醉漢舞”

Celebrations in honour of the dead take place in July and August in Japan. Prayers are set and graves are tended during the festival of O-Bon. In Tokushima city around 100 thousand costumed people dance in the streets.
"This is an incredible scale, there's this whole river, thing going on, there's three blocks on either side of the river. It’s the biggest I've ever seen."
There are a number of different theories explaining the origins of Tokushima’ s Awa Odori(阿波踴り) or "our dance festival". But some see it as a form of the wider Japanese custom of Bon Odori (盆踴) or Bon-dance.
"Awa Odori began around 450 years ago. It was originally a regional custom performed decent spirits back to the realms of the dead after their brief stay in the living world during the O-Bon season. Now participation isn't limited to the people of Tokushima city or Tokushima prefecture. It has grown into a festival that attracts people from all over Japan."
Awa is the former name of the Tokushima prefecture and the dance festival is thought to have gained its local character in 1587 when the feudal lord handed out sake to celebrate the completion of his newly-built castle. Legend says the citizens became so drunk they started to dance with abandon in an unsteady gate. One of Tokushima's most famous dance teams is called the Ahou Ren.
"The lyrics of one of the festival songs says fool's dance and fool's watch. If both are fools you might as well dance. So I think that this is where our Ren gets its name."
For the most part, women wear traditional straw hat, known as amigasa (編み笠) that is shaped like a half moon. A colorful yukada (浴衣)and wooden sandals known as gata(木屐).
"Men should dance in a very masculine way. Women should dance in a feminine and graceful way."
Onna Odori (女踴り), the female dance style, is distinguished by its upright stance and physical discipline and it's intended to an embodiment of feminine grace and beauty.
By contrast, Otoko Odori(男踴り), the male dance style, is distinguished by a lower stance and more fluid vigorous movements and resemble the moves of a drunken fool.
"It's extremely fun, you know, Japanese are not known for this spontaneity, but you see people very spontaneous and people are approaching you in the street and asking you where you are from and getting to know you, which is extremely welcoming to visitors."
在日本，七月和八月份舉行慶?；顒?dòng)以紀(jì)念去世的人。在盂蘭盆節(jié)其間，會(huì)為死去的人祈禱掃墓。在日本的德島市，大約10萬(wàn)人身著節(jié)日盛裝載歌載舞。
“這個(gè)規(guī)模是讓人難以置信的，沿著整條河，三個(gè)街區(qū)，河兩岸都站滿了人。這是我見過(guò)的最大的場(chǎng)面。”
關(guān)于Awa Odori“阿波踴”或者“舞蹈的節(jié)日”的起源有著不同的說(shuō)法。但是有人把這個(gè)節(jié)日作為日本的傳統(tǒng)Bon Odori (盆踴) 或者 Bon-dance。
“Awa Odori起源于大約450年以前。起初是一個(gè)宗教的節(jié)日，在私人的領(lǐng)地為他們超度尚在人間的正直的靈魂。現(xiàn)在并不只是德島市的人次參加這個(gè)節(jié)日。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)節(jié)日吸引力整個(gè)日本的人。”
Awa是德島管區(qū)之前的名字，舞蹈的節(jié)日在1587年就開始，最初是封建主為了慶祝自己新建成的城堡而舉行的。有傳說(shuō)說(shuō)，人們爛醉如泥，開始在一個(gè)不固定的門上沒(méi)有任何顧忌地跳舞。德島市最著名的一個(gè)舞蹈隊(duì)叫做Ahou Ren。
“其中一首節(jié)日歌曲的歌詞說(shuō)，傻瓜跳舞傻瓜看。如果都是傻瓜的話，你或許也會(huì)跳舞。所以我認(rèn)為這就是Ren的來(lái)源。”
對(duì)于大部分人來(lái)說(shuō)，婦女們戴著傳統(tǒng)的草帽，叫做編み笠，形狀就像半月。還穿著彩色的浴衣和木屐。
“男人跳到舞必須非常有陽(yáng)剛之氣。女性則必須非常陰柔，非常優(yōu)雅。”
Onna Odori (女踴り), 是女性化的舞蹈風(fēng)格，主要特點(diǎn)是步法非常正直，意在體現(xiàn)女性的優(yōu)雅和美麗。
相反，Otoko Odori(男踴り), 是男性的舞蹈風(fēng)格，腳踏處比較低，看上去比較像醉漢。
“真的非常有趣，你知道，日本人以自發(fā)性著稱，但是你可以看到人們?cè)诖蠼稚峡拷悖瑔?wèn)你來(lái)自哪里，開始認(rèn)識(shí)你，他們非常歡迎來(lái)自外地的游客。”