大學(xué)英語(yǔ)自學(xué)教程 unit 25

[00:00.00]Unit 25 taxt A [00:04.70]Ameriacan Men Don't Cry [00:06.99]美國(guó)男人不哭 [00:09.27]American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so. [00:13.74]美國(guó)男人不哭，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為哭不是男人的特征。 [00:18.21]Only women cry. [00:20.43]只是女人才哭。 [00:22.65]Cry is a "weakness"characteristic of the femaleand [00:25.73]哭泣是女人特有的“軟弱”的表現(xiàn)。 [00:28.81]no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine. [00:32.78]沒(méi)有一個(gè)美國(guó)男人愿意被人認(rèn)為有一點(diǎn)兒軟弱或女人氣的東西。 [00:36.75]Crying, in our culture, is identified with childishness [00:40.44]在我們的文化中，哭被看成幼稚， [00:44.12]with weakness and dependence. [00:46.60]被看成軟弱和依賴(lài)性。 [00:49.08]No one likes a cry baby, [00:51.30]沒(méi)有人喜歡愛(ài)哭的孩子。 [00:53.52]and we disapprove of crying even in childrend [00:56.20]即使孩子們我們也不贊成他們哭， [00:58.88]is couraging it in them as early as possible. [01:01.66]我們盡量早地鼓勵(lì)他們不哭。 [01:04.44]In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours [01:08.23]在我們這樣一個(gè)如此專(zhuān)注于追求幸福的國(guó)家里， [01:12.02]crying really is rather un-American. [01:14.54]哭實(shí)在十分不合美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)。 [01:17.06]Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which it is permissible for a child to cry. [01:21.68]有的場(chǎng)合孩子要以哭，成年人應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)在這些場(chǎng)合不哭。 [01:26.31]Women being the "weaker"and"dependent"sexit [01:29.55]女人是“軟弱的”和“依賴(lài)的”性別， [01:32.79]is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations. [01:36.26]因此很自然，她們?cè)谀承└星閳?chǎng)合下就會(huì)哭起來(lái)。 [01:39.74]In women, crying is excusable. [01:42.01]女人哭是可以原諒的。 [01:44.28]But in men, crying is a mark of weakness. [01:47.10]但男人哭就是軟弱的標(biāo)志。 [01:49.92]So goes the American belief with regard to crying. [01:52.81]這就是美國(guó)人有關(guān)哭的信念。 [01:55.70]"A little man,"we impress on our male children,"never cries. [01:59.97]我們使我們的男孩子們銘記在心“小男子漢從來(lái)不哭。 [02:04.24]Only girls and crybabies do. [02:06.58]只有女孩和愛(ài)哭的孩子才哭?！? [02:08.91]And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so. [02:12.64]我們也是這樣調(diào)教美國(guó)男人，使他們想哭的時(shí)候做到不哭。 [02:16.36]It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some [02:19.60]美國(guó)男人不會(huì)哭， [02:22.84]biological time clock within them which causes thern to run downin that capacity as they older, [02:27.27]不是因?yàn)樗麄冸S著年齡的增長(zhǎng)體內(nèi)的某個(gè)生物鐘使其哭的能力消耗殆盡， [02:31.69]but that they are trained not to cry. [02:34.27]而是因?yàn)樗麄儽挥?xùn)練得不哭。 [02:36.84]And so the"little man"controls his desire to cry [02:40.17]于是這位“小男子漢”控制自己哭析愿望， [02:43.50]and goes on doing so until he is unable to cry ecen when he wants to. [02:46.78]并一直這樣繼續(xù)下去，直到后來(lái)甚至想哭的時(shí)候也不會(huì)哭了。 [02:50.06]Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry. [02:53.99]結(jié)果我們就在美國(guó)男人身上造成了一種被訓(xùn)練得不會(huì)哭的能力。 [02:57.92]And this is bad. [02:59.96]然而這并不好。 [03:02.00]Why is it bad? [03:03.88]為什么不好？ [03:05.76]Because crying is a natural function of the human organism [03:09.18]因?yàn)榭奘侨说臋C(jī)體的一種自然功能， [03:12.60]which is designed to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person [03:16.23]用于使感情失衡的人 [03:19.86]to a state of equuilibrium. [03:22.34]恢復(fù)到平衡狀態(tài)。 [03:24.83]The return of the disequilibrated organ systems of the boby [03:28.14]人體器官系統(tǒng)從不平衡狀態(tài)回到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài) [03:31.46]to steady states or dynamic stability is known as homeostasis. [03:35.78]或動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)叫做體內(nèi)平衡。 [03:40.11]Crying serves a homeostasis function for the organism as a whole. [03:43.79]哭為整個(gè)機(jī)體起著體內(nèi)平衡的功能。 [03:47.47]Any interference with homo stasis [03:50.36]任何對(duì)體內(nèi)平衡的妨礙 [03:53.25]is likely to be damaging to the organism [03:55.98]都可能損害機(jī)體。 [03:58.71]And there is good reason to believe that the American male's [04:02.18]有充分理由相信，美國(guó)男人被訓(xùn)練得不會(huì)哭， [04:05.66]trained incapacityto cry is seriously damaging to him. [04:09.14]這對(duì)他們是個(gè)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。 [04:12.63]It is unnecessary to cry whenever one wants to cry, [04:15.96]一個(gè)人不是什么時(shí)候想哭就有必要哭， [04:19.29]but one should be able to cry when one ought to cry- [04:22.32]但該哭的時(shí)候，也就是當(dāng)他需要哭的時(shí)候， [04:25.35]when one needs to cry. [04:27.57]應(yīng)能哭得出來(lái)。 [04:29.79]For to cry under certain emotionally disequilibrating conditions is necessary for the maintenance of health. [04:35.23]因?yàn)樵谀承┣楦惺Ш獾那闆r下，哭對(duì)維護(hù)身體健康是必要的。 [04:40.66]To be human is to weep. [04:43.30]會(huì)哭是人的一種天性。 [04:45.94]The human species is the only one in the whole of animated naturethat sheds tears. [04:50.96]人類(lèi)是生物界中唯一能流淚的物種。 [04:55.99]The trained inability of any human being to weep [04:59.68]把人訓(xùn)練得不會(huì)哭 [05:03.36]is a lessening of his capacity to be human [05:06.53]乃是減少他做人的能力 [05:09.71]a defect which usually goes deeper than the mere inability to cry. [05:13.53]這是一種通常比單純不能哭更深刻的缺陷。 [05:17.36]And this,among other things,is what American parents [05:21.04]而這，以及還有其它一些東西， [05:24.73]with the best intentions in the world have achieved for the American male. [05:28.56]正是美國(guó)的父母?jìng)円运麄兪郎献盍己玫男脑附o美國(guó)男性所造就的。 [05:32.38]It is very sad.If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry [05:37.41]這是很可悲的。假如我們想哭， [05:42.44]--and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion [05:45.70]就讓我們痛痛快快地哭一場(chǎng)， [05:48.97]which have for so long prevented us from understanding [05:52.20]把那些長(zhǎng)期妨礙我們認(rèn)識(shí)哭泣這一自然需要的那些陳舊混亂觀念 [05:55.42]the natural necessity of crying. [05:58.31]從我們的頭腦中清除出去。 [06:01.20]Text B [06:04.54]Stop Worrying Now! [06:06.32]從現(xiàn)在起別再憂(yōu)慮！ [06:08.09]Worry is one of the most common forms of emotional distressin our culture. [06:11.28]憂(yōu)慮是我們文化中最常見(jiàn)的情緒苦惱的表現(xiàn)形式之一。 [06:14.47]Almost everyone spends a considerable amount of Present moments worrying about the future. [06:17.94]幾乎每個(gè)人都把現(xiàn)在相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間用于為將來(lái)憂(yōu)慮。 [06:21.41]And virtually all of it is for nothing. [06:23.29]這實(shí)際是徒自傷神。 [06:25.18]Obsessive worry will never make things any better. [06:27.60]過(guò)分的憂(yōu)慮完全于事無(wú)補(bǔ)。 [06:30.03]In fact, such worry will very likely help you to be less effective [06:33.06]事實(shí)上，這種憂(yōu)慮很可能讓你 [06:36.09]in dealing with the present. [06:37.83]在處理當(dāng)前事務(wù)時(shí)成效更小。 [06:39.57]In order to reduce worry, [06:41.40]為了減少憂(yōu)慮， [06:43.23]it is necessary to understandthe subconscious psychological "payoffs" [06:47.11]有必要弄明白人們當(dāng)初愛(ài)憂(yōu)慮所能得到的潛意識(shí)心理“補(bǔ)償” [06:50.98]for choosing to worry in the first place. [06:53.06]是怎么回事。 [06:55.14]"I can't do a thing. I'm,too worried about ..." [06:57.96]“我什么事都干不了。。。。太讓我發(fā)愁?！? [07:00.78]This is a common lament, [07:02.70]這是很常聽(tīng)到的訴苦聲。 [07:04.62]and one with a payoffthat keeps you standing still [07:07.28]種訴苦的回報(bào)會(huì)使你安之若素， [07:09.95]and avoiding the risk of action. [07:12.03]避免貿(mào)然行動(dòng)。 [07:14.10]Clearly, it is easier; if less rewarding, [07:17.04]很明顯，和做一個(gè)積極的，全身投入的人相比， [07:19.98]to worry than to be an activeinvolved person. [07:22.62]有所憂(yōu)慮較容易做到，只不過(guò)成事較少。 [07:25.26]By worrying about someone else, [07:27.48]你為別人操心， [07:29.70]you can label yourself as a caring person [07:32.07]這樣你可以把自己列為關(guān)心別人的人。 [07:34.45]Worry proves that you are a good parent or spouse [07:37.23]為別人操心證明你是個(gè)好父親或好母親，或者是個(gè)好丈夫或好妻子 [07:40.02]("I can't help worrying--it's because I love you."). [07:42.80]（我無(wú)法不為你操心——因?yàn)槲覑?ài)你。） [07:45.58]A handsome dividead,although lacking in logical, healthy thinking [07:48.91]這是個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的回報(bào)，只是缺乏合乎邏輯的，正常的思維。 [07:52.24]If you weigh too much, you may eat more when you worry; [07:54.97]如果你太胖，你憂(yōu)慮的時(shí)候可能吃得更多， [07:57.70]hence, you have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior [08:01.08]因此你就有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛蓤?jiān)持憂(yōu)慮不止。 [08:04.47]Similarly, you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations [08:08.15]同樣，你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)你在煩惱的情況下煙抽得更多， [08:11.83]and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking. [08:14.56]你可以以憂(yōu)慮為由而不戒煙。 [08:17.29]The same neurotic reward system also applies to health. [08:20.68]同樣的神經(jīng)質(zhì)的補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)也適用于身體健康。 [08:24.06]It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains [08:26.84]為胸痛而擔(dān)憂(yōu)比冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn) [08:29.62]than to risk finding out the truth, [08:31.75]找出真正病因要容易， [08:33.88]and then having to deal directly with yourself. [08:36.31]然后不得不自己直接處理自己的問(wèn)題更容易做到。 [08:38.74]Worry can bring a lot of diseasessuch as tension headaches and backaches. [08:42.53]憂(yōu)慮能產(chǎn)生很多疾病，如神經(jīng)緊張性頭痛、腰酸背痛等。 [08:46.31]While these may not seem to be payoffs, [08:48.54]盡管這不能算是回報(bào)， [08:50.76]they do result in considerable attention from others [08:53.39]但它能引起別人相當(dāng)大的關(guān)心 [08:56.03]and justify much self-pity as well. [08:58.36]并且能證明自憐是有道理的。 [09:00.68]And some People would rather be pitied than fulfilled. [09:03.36]有些人寧愿被人憐憫而不肯發(fā)揮自己的潛能。 [09:06.04]Now that you understand the psychological support system for nerurotic worry [09:09.62]既然你懂得了神經(jīng)質(zhì)憂(yōu)慮的心理支持系統(tǒng)， [09:13.19]you can begin to devise some measures [09:15.62]你就能夠開(kāi)始想出一些措施來(lái)減少 [09:18.05] for reducing the number of trouble some worry bugs that breed in this erroneous. [09:22.02]那些孳生繁衍在這一誤區(qū)中的討厭的憂(yōu)慮蟲(chóng)。 [09:25.99]Begin to view your present moments as times to live, [09:28.93]你要開(kāi)始把你現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間看成生活的時(shí)光 [09:31.87]rather than times to worry about the future. [09:34.21]而不是為未來(lái)憂(yōu)慮的時(shí)光。 [09:36.55]When you catch yourself worrying, ask yourself, [09:39.42]當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在憂(yōu)慮時(shí)，你要問(wèn)問(wèn)自己 [09:42.30]"What am I avoiding now by using up this moment with worry?" [09:45.23]“我把現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間用于憂(yōu)慮，目的是想回避什么？” [09:48.17]Then begin to attack whatever it is you're avoiding. [09:51.29]然后你就著手解決你正回避的任何事。 [09:54.42]A friend of mine spent a week on an island off the Connecticut cast. [09:58.15]我的一個(gè)朋友在康涅狄格州海岸邊的一個(gè)島子上呆了一個(gè)星期。 [10:01.89]She enjoys taking long walks, [10:04.25]她散步時(shí)喜歡走得很遠(yuǎn)， [10:06.62] but soon discoveredthat there were a number of dogs on the island [10:09.44]但她很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，島上有些狗，可以到處亂跑。 [10:12.26]which were allowed to run free. [10:14.23]她擔(dān)心狗可能會(huì)咬她， [10:16.20]She decided to fight her worry that they might attack her. [10:19.34]決心戰(zhàn)勝自己的憂(yōu)慮。 [10:22.47]She carfled a rock in her handand [10:24.80]她手里拿了一塊石頭， [10:27.12]resolved to show no fear as the dogs mine running toward her. [10:30.10]下定決心，當(dāng)狗沖她跑來(lái)時(shí)，決不示弱。 [10:33.08]Seeing someone who refused to hack down,they turned and ran away. [10:36.56]這些狗看見(jiàn)有人并不畏縮，轉(zhuǎn)身就跑掉了。 [10:40.05]While I am not encouraging dangerous behavior, [10:42.98]雖然我不鼓勵(lì)危險(xiǎn)行為， [10:45.90]I do believe that a sensibly effective challenge [10:48.48]但我確信，對(duì)憂(yōu)慮的明智的有效挑戰(zhàn)是最大限度地減少憂(yōu)慮 [10:51.05]to worry is the most productive way to minimize its role in your life. [10:54.33]在你生活中起作用的最有成效的辦法。 [10:57.61]Ask yourself over and over. [10:59.98]你要反復(fù)地問(wèn)自己， [11:02.36]"Will the future change as a result of my worrying about it?" [11:05.14]“我對(duì)未來(lái)感到憂(yōu)慮，未來(lái)會(huì)因此而改變嗎？” [11:07.92]Try to remember how many of the things you once,worried about [11:11.05]你努力回憶一下，有多少件 [11:14.17]never become real at all. [11:16.05]你曾經(jīng)憂(yōu)慮過(guò)的事情從未成真。 [11:17.93]Also ask yourself: [11:19.90]你還應(yīng)問(wèn)問(wèn)自己： [11:21.87]"What's the worst thing that could happen to me (or them), [11:24.40]“可能發(fā)生在我（或他們）身上的最壞的事是什么？ [11:26.92]and what is the likelihood of it occurring?" [11:29.25]發(fā)生的可能性有多大？” [11:31.59]You'll discover the absurdity of most worries in this way. [11:34.57]這樣你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的大部分憂(yōu)慮是毫無(wú)道理的。 [11:37.55]Act in direct conflict with your usual areas of worry. [11:40.58]你做事要和你平常憂(yōu)慮的事情針?shù)h相對(duì)。 [11:43.61]If you compulsively save for the future [11:46.09]如果你要強(qiáng)制性地為以后的日子存錢(qián)的話， [11:48.57]use some money for your own enjoyment today. [11:50.91]不如現(xiàn)在就把有些錢(qián)用于眼前的享受。 [11:53.25]Enjoy life don't waste the present with immobilizing thoughts about the future [11:57.07]享受生活吧，不要把你的現(xiàn)在浪費(fèi)在關(guān)于未來(lái)的無(wú)所動(dòng)作的思考上。 [12:00.90]There are some techniques for minimizing worry in your life. [12:03.68]這是一些能夠最大限度減少你生活憂(yōu)慮的技術(shù)。 [12:06.47]But the most effective weapon you have is your own determination [12:09.69]但你的最有效的武器是你自己把這種神經(jīng)質(zhì)的行為 [12:12.92]to drive this neurotic behavior away from your life. [12:15.65]從你的生活中驅(qū)逐出去的決心。

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