大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 unit 07

[00:00.00]Unit seven Text A [00:02.00]第七單元 課文A [00:04.00]Families [00:05.47]家庭 [00:06.95]"Family"--the word has different meanings for different people, [00:10.28]家庭這個詞對不同的人有不同的意義， [00:13.61]and even the dictionary gives us several definitions: [00:16.34]甚至詞典上給出的定義也有幾種： [00:19.07]"a group of people related by blood or marriage," [00:21.85]“一群由血緣或者婚姻聯(lián)系在一起的人，” [00:24.63]"two adults and their children," [00:26.76]“兩個成人和他們的孩子，” [00:28.89]"all those people descended from a common ancestor,""a household,"and so on. [00:33.16]“那些承襲同一祖先的后裔，”“一戶人家”等等。 [00:37.43]Some people think of a family as a mother, a father,and their children; [00:40.71]有人將家庭看成母親、父親和他們的孩子； [00:43.99]others include grandparents, aunts, uncles,and cousins. [00:47.27]也有人認(rèn)為家庭還包括祖父、祖母、嬸嬸叔叔輩，堂兄妹輩。 [00:50.55]For some of us,family means the group of relative living far away from home. [00:54.57]對我們之中的有些人來說，家庭意味著離家遠(yuǎn)住的一幫親戚； [00:58.59]For others,having a family simply means having children. [01:02.13]對另一些人來說，有家只不過意味著有孩子。 [01:05.67]Some families have long histories, [01:08.10]一些家庭有久遠(yuǎn)的歷史， [01:10.53]while others know very little about their ancestors. [01:13.42]另一些家庭則對自己的祖先知之甚少。 [01:16.30]No matter if it is young or old,large or small,traditional or modern, [01:20.43]無論每個家庭的歷史是長是短，家庭是在是小，傳統(tǒng)還是現(xiàn)代， [01:24.56]every family has a sense of what a family is. [01:27.50]每個家庭都有家庭的某種感受。 [01:30.44]It is that feeling of belonging, [01:32.96]那是一種來自共同生活、互相幫助、 [01:35.48]of love and security that comes from living together,helping and sharing. [01:39.89]共則擁有的歸屬感、互愛感和安全感。 [01:44.31]There are basically two types of families: [01:47.19]家庭大體上有兩類： [01:50.08]nuclear families and extended families. [01:52.86]核心家庭和擴大家庭。 [01:55.64]The nuclear family usually consists of two(mother and father) [01:59.07]核心家庭通常由父母 [02:02.49]and their children. [02:04.26]及其子女組成， [02:06.04]The mother and father form the nucleus, or center,of the nuclear family. [02:09.58]父親和母親形成家庭中的核心，或者叫中心。 [02:13.12]The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry. [02:16.59]子女在核心家庭中成長直到婚嫁， [02:20.07]Then they form new nuclear families. [02:22.85]然后再形成新的核心家庭。 [02:25.63]The extended family is very large. [02:27.91]擴大的家庭非常大。 [02:30.18]There are often many nuclear families in one extended family. [02:33.60]在一個擴大的家庭中往往有多個核心家庭。 [02:37.02]An extended family includes children, parents,grand-parents,uncles,aunts,and cousins. [02:41.29]擴大的家庭包括子女、父母、祖父母、叔伯、姨嬸、堂兄妹。 [02:45.56]The members of an extended family are related by blood [02:48.29]他們由血緣關(guān)系 [02:51.02](grandparents,parents,children,brothers,sisters,etc.) [02:54.15]（如：祖父母、父母、子女、兄弟、姐妹等） [02:57.27]or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc. ). [03:00.55]或者婚姻關(guān)系（丈夫、妻子、岳母婆婆）聯(lián)系在一起。 [03:03.82]They are all related, [03:05.65]正因為他們互相有親緣關(guān)系， [03:07.48]so the members of an extended family are called relatives. [03:10.56]所以擴大的家庭中的民員都稱為親戚。 [03:13.65]Traditionally,all the members of an extended family lived in the same area. [03:17.28]傳統(tǒng)上，擴大的家庭的全部成員都居住在同一個地區(qū)。 [03:20.91]However,with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, [03:24.45]但是，隨著從農(nóng)業(yè)社會向工業(yè)社會的轉(zhuǎn)變， [03:27.99]many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. [03:31.96]許多核心家庭離家外出尋找工作。 [03:35.93]In industrial societies today, [03:38.21]在現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)化社會中， [03:40.50]the members of most nuclear families live together, [03:43.32]許多核心家庭的成員居住在一起， [03:46.14]but most extended families do not live together. [03:48.92]而大部分?jǐn)U大的家庭成員卻分散而住 [03:51.71]Therefore [03:53.09]因此， [03:54.48]we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family [03:58.64]隨著社會越來越工業(yè)化，我們認(rèn)為核心家庭 [04:02.81]as the society industrializes. [04:05.47]比擴大的家庭更為重要。 [04:08.14]In post-industrial societies like the United States, [04:11.02]在一些像美國那樣的后工業(yè)化國家， [04:13.91]even the nudear family is changing. [04:16.29]核心家庭甚至也在發(fā)生了變化。 [04:18.66]The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children, [04:22.44]核心家庭在變小，因為父母都愿要更少的子女， [04:26.21]and the number of childless families is increasing. [04:29.00]而且無子女的家庭不斷增加。 [04:31.78]Traditionally,the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family [04:35.55]傳統(tǒng)上核心家庭的父親掙錢養(yǎng)家， [04:39.33]while the mother eared for the house and the children. [04:42.00]母親照看家庭和孩子。 [04:44.68]Today,more than 50% of the nuclear families in the United States are two-earner families [04:48.91]今天在美國，50%以上的核心家庭由父母兩人掙錢養(yǎng)家， [04:53.15]--both the father and the mother earn money for the family-- [04:56.08]只有少數(shù)家庭由母親掙錢養(yǎng)家， [04:59.02]and in a few families the mother earns the money [05:02.45]只有少數(shù)家庭由母親掙錢養(yǎng)家 [05:05.87]while the father takes care of the house and the children. [05:08.39]而父親照看家庭和孩子。 [05:10.91]Many nuclear families are also."splitting up' [05:14.00]許多核心家庭也在“裂變”， [05:17.10]--more and more parents are getting divorced. [05:19.76]因為越來越多的父母開始離異。 [05:22.43]What will be the result of this "splitting" of the nuclear family? [05:25.85]核心家庭分裂的結(jié)果是什么？ [05:29.27]Social scientists now talk of two new family forms: [05:33.05]社會學(xué)家現(xiàn)在談到兩種新的家庭形式： [05:36.82]the single parent family and the remarried family. [05:40.36]單親家庭和再婚家庭。 [05:43.90]Almost 20% of all American families are single parent families, [05:48.17]美國家庭中的近20%是單親家庭， [05:52.44]and in 85% of these families the single parent is the mother. [05:56.62]單親家庭中有85%為單親媽媽。 [06:00.80]Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone, [06:04.93]大多數(shù)單親父母認(rèn)為一個人照顧孩子有困難， [06:09.06]so they soon marry again and form remarried families. [06:12.99]所以沒過多久他們又結(jié)婚了，形成再婚家庭 [06:16.92]As social scientists study these two new family forms, [06:20.40]隨著社會學(xué)家對這兩類新的家庭的研究， [06:23.87]they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family [06:27.59]關(guān)于后工業(yè)化時代中核心家庭的未來 [06:31.31]in the post-industrial age. [06:33.64]他們一定能給我們提供更多的情況。 [06:35.96]Text B [06:37.34]課文B [06:38.71]The Changing American Family [06:40.54]變化中的美國家庭 [06:42.36]The family is important to people all over the world [06:44.74]盡管家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)因國家而異， [06:47.12]all though the structure of the family [06:48.79]但家庭對全世界的 [06:50.46]is quite different from one country to another. [06:52.68]人都很重要。 [06:54.90]In the United States,as in many countries in the world, [06:57.53]在美國，如同世界上其它許多國家一樣， [07:00.15]the family is changing. [07:01.83]家庭在發(fā)生變化。 [07:03.50]A generation or two ago, the traditional family, [07:06.07]一代或者兩代人以前，傳統(tǒng)家庭是慣?，F(xiàn)象， [07:08.64]in which the father was boss, was customary. [07:11.07]父親是一家之主。 [07:13.50]Now, the modern family, [07:15.47]今天， [07:17.45]in which both the father and the mother are equal partners, [07:20.23]父母成為平等伴侶的現(xiàn)代家庭 [07:23.01]is more common. [07:24.54]更常見。 [07:26.07]Although there are several similarities'between the traditional [07:28.65]盡管傳統(tǒng)家庭與現(xiàn)代家庭有一些共同之處， [07:31.24] and the modem family,there are also some very important differences. [07:34.41]但他們?nèi)杂心承┲匾牟顒e。 [07:37.59]The traditional family of yesterday [07:39.47]往昔的傳統(tǒng)家庭 [07:41.35] and the modern family of today have several similarities. [07:44.01]與今日的現(xiàn)代家庭有幾點共同之處： [07:46.68]The traditional family was a nuclear family, [07:48.74]傳統(tǒng)家庭是核心家庭， [07:50.80]and the modern family is,too. [07:52.93]現(xiàn)代家庭也是。 [07:55.06]The role of the father in the traditional family [07:57.19]在傳統(tǒng)家庭中 [07:59.32]was to provide for his family. [08:01.25]父親的責(zé)任是養(yǎng)家糊口， [08:03.19]Similarly; the father in the modern family is expected to do so,also. [08:06.87]同樣在現(xiàn)代家庭中也理應(yīng)如此。 [08:10.55]The mother in the traditional family [08:12.38]現(xiàn)代家庭中的母親 [08:14.21]took care of the children's physical and emotional needs [08:16.48]如同傳統(tǒng)家庭中的母親一樣 [08:18.76]just as the modern mother does. [08:20.57]照管孩子的身心需求。 [08:22.39]On the other hand, [08:23.81]另一方面， [08:25.23]there are some great differences [08:26.85]傳統(tǒng)家庭與現(xiàn)代家庭 [08:28.47]between the traditional family and the modem family. [08:30.89]之間存在很大的差異； [08:33.31]The first important difference is in the man's role. [08:35.49]首要差別是男人的作用。 [08:37.67]The traditional husband was the head of the household, [08:40.29]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的丈夫是一家之主， [08:42.92]because he was the only one who worked outside the home. [08:45.41]因為他是家中唯一在外工作的人。 [08:47.91]If the wife worked for pay, [08:49.63]如果妻子也為掙錢而工作， [08:51.36]then the husband was not considered to be a good provider. [08:53.69]丈夫就被認(rèn)為是個同本事養(yǎng)家的人。 [08:56.03]In many families today, both husband and wife work for pay. [08:59.01]今天，許多家庭夫妻雙雙出門工作， [09:01.99]Therefore,they share the role of head of household. [09:04.61]共同承擔(dān)一家之主的責(zé)任。 [09:07.24]In addition, [09:08.56]另外， [09:09.88]the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. [09:12.75]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的丈夫往往決定經(jīng)濟開支， [09:15.62]However,the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife. [09:19.01]而現(xiàn)代家庭中的丈夫與妻子共同決定。 [09:22.39]Also,the traditional husband did not help his wife with the housework [09:25.36]還有，傳統(tǒng)家庭的丈夫不幫助妻子做家務(wù)、 [09:28.32]or meal preparation. [09:30.04]做飯， [09:31.77]Dinner was ready when he came home. [09:33.75]他回家時飯已準(zhǔn)備好。 [09:35.74]In contrast,the modem husband helps his working wife at home. [09:38.56]現(xiàn)代家庭則相反，丈夫在家時里幫助有工作的妻子。 [09:41.38]He may do some of the household jobs, [09:43.26]他做一些家務(wù)， [09:45.14]and it is not unusual for him to cook. [09:47.18]即使下廚做飯也屢見不鮮。 [09:49.22]The second difference is in the woman's role. [09:51.19]第二個差別是女人的作用。 [09:53.16]In the traditional family, [09:54.78]傳統(tǒng)家庭中， [09:56.40] the woman may have worked for pay during her first years of marriage. [09:59.08]女人在婚后的頭幾年工作掙錢， [10:01.76]However,after she became pregnant, [10:03.82]而懷孕之后 [10:05.88]she would usually give up her job. [10:07.70]就放棄工作。 [10:09.52]Her primary role was to take care of her family and home. [10:12.30]她的主要責(zé)任是照料家人和安排生活。 [10:15.08]In contrast,in many families today, [10:17.35]相反，在今天的許多家庭中， [10:19.62]the modern woman works outside the home even after she has children. [10:22.96]即使有了孩子，現(xiàn)代女性也在外面工作。 [10:26.29]She's doing two jobs instead of one, [10:28.32]她做的是兩份工作而不是一份， [10:30.36]so she is busier than the traditional mother was. [10:32.63]所以她比傳統(tǒng)的母親更忙。 [10:34.91]The traditional wife learned to live within her husband' s income. [10:37.48]傳統(tǒng)的母親學(xué)會量入為出靠丈夫 [10:40.05]On the other hand, [10:41.49]的收入過日子， [10:42.93]the modern wife does not have to because the family has two incomes. [10:45.90]而現(xiàn)代的妻子不必那樣做，因為家里有兩份收入。 [10:48.88]The final difference is in the role of the children. [10:51.06]最后一個差別是孩子的作用。 [10:53.24]In the traditional famify, [10:54.86]在傳統(tǒng)家庭中， [10:56.48]the children were taken care of by the mother [10:58.52]孩子由母親照料， [11:00.56]because she did not work outside the home. [11:02.64]因為她不出門工作， [11:04.71]However,today preschool children may go to a child care center [11:07.83]而今天的學(xué)齡前兒童由于母親工作， [11:10.96]or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works. [11:13.68]他們可以去托兒所或者由保姆定時照看。 [11:16.41]The school-age children of a traditional family were more dependent. [11:19.24]傳統(tǒng)家庭中的上學(xué)兒童依賴性更大， [11:22.06]Their mother was there to help them to get ready for school [11:24.55]母親幫助他們準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)、 [11:27.05]and to make their breakfast, [11:28.93]做早餐。 [11:30.81]in contrast,modern children are more independent. [11:33.68]相反，現(xiàn)代的孩子更獨立。 [11:36.56]They have to get up early in the morning and get ready for school. [11:38.98]他們必須早晨早起，做好上學(xué)的準(zhǔn)備。 [11:41.41]Their mother is bury getting ready for work, [11:43.60]母親忙于準(zhǔn)備上班， [11:45.78]so they may even have to make their own breakfast. [11:48.26]所以孩子甚至自己做早餐。 [11:50.74]In conclusion, the American family of today [11:53.22]總之，今日的美國家庭 [11:55.70]is different from the family of fifty years ago. [11:57.98]不同于50年前的家庭。 [12:00.25]In the modern family,the roles of the father,mother, [12:03.07]在現(xiàn)代家庭中，隨著越來越多的婦女外出工作 [12:05.89]and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home. [12:09.01]父親、母親、孩子的作用已經(jīng)改變。 [12:12.13]The next century [12:13.61]下個世紀(jì) [12:15.09]may bring more important changes to the American family structure. [12:17.61]可能給美國家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)帶來更大的變化， [12:20.13]It should be interesting to see. [12:21.96]能夠目睹這一現(xiàn)象將是饒有興味的。

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