VOA慢速英語：委內(nèi)瑞拉著名青年樂團(tuán)面臨艱難時刻

Venezuela’s Famous Youth Orchestra Faces Tough Times

委內(nèi)瑞拉著名青年樂團(tuán)面臨艱難時刻

In 1975, Venezuelan musician Jose Antonio Abreu created a network of music education programs for children. It became known as El Sistema. As the director of El Sistema, Abreu was able to gain government support for the network, and turn it into one of Venezuela's model programs.

1975年，委內(nèi)瑞拉音樂家何塞·安東尼奧·艾伯魯(Jose Antonio Abreu)為兒童打造了一項音樂教育課程網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它后來發(fā)展成為了委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系(El Sistema)。作為委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系的音樂總監(jiān)，艾伯魯成功獲得了政府對該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支持，并將其變?yōu)槲瘍?nèi)瑞拉的示范項目之一。

Abreu died March 24 at age 78. Now, El Sistema's new director, Eduardo Mendez, promises to continue the program's tradition of musical excellence and social service.

艾伯魯于3月24日去世，享年78歲?，F(xiàn)在，委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系的新任總監(jiān)埃德華多·門德斯(Eduardo Mendez)承諾繼續(xù)該課程絕佳音樂性和社會服務(wù)的傳統(tǒng)。

Mendez said the program must overcome Venezuela's severe economic crisis. The crisis has forced hundreds of musicians to leave the country.

門德斯表示，該課程必須克服委內(nèi)瑞拉嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。這次危機(jī)已經(jīng)迫使數(shù)百名音樂家離開該國。

El Sistema now includes about 300 community schools. The network has given children in poor neighborhoods a chance to study classical music. It has produced world-famous musicians, including the director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Gustavo Dudamel.

委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系目前包含大約300所社區(qū)學(xué)校。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓貧苦社區(qū)的孩子有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)古典音樂。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)生了著名的音樂家，包括洛杉磯愛樂樂團(tuán)的總監(jiān)古斯塔沃·杜達(dá)梅爾(Gustavo Dudamel)。

But Mendez says leading the orchestra network through Venezuela's social and economic crisis will not be easy.

但是門德斯表示，要帶領(lǐng)這個管弦樂隊網(wǎng)絡(luò)熬過委內(nèi)瑞拉的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)并不容易。

He says that 8 percent of the program's teachers have recently left Venezuela to seek a better life in other countries. The network's highly praised Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra has lost 42 percent of its musicians over the past six months. Most of those positions have been filled with younger musicians.

他說，該課程8%的教師最近離開委內(nèi)瑞拉去其它國家追求更好的生活。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)備受贊譽的西蒙玻利瓦爾青年樂團(tuán)在過去6個月里已經(jīng)失去了42%的音樂家。這些空缺出來的職位大多數(shù)已經(jīng)被更年輕的音樂家填補。

Mendez said, "It hasn't been easy to convince people to stay. Many of these people are leaving in search of economic stability."

門德斯表示：“要說服人們留下來并不容易，其中很多人離開這里是為了追求經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定。”

Mendez worked with Abreu for 15 years. He said his goal will be to strengthen beginner music programs and explore new types of music for students to learn.

門德斯和艾伯魯共事了15年。他說，他的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)化初學(xué)者的音樂課程，并探索新的音樂類型讓學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)。

El Sistema says 980,000 children and young musicians are currently part of its programs throughout Venezuela.

委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系表示，目前委內(nèi)瑞拉各地有98萬名兒童和年輕音樂家參與了該課程。

Moving forward, Mendez will have to avoid conflicts between musicians and Venezuela's government. Critics have accused him of using the music program as a propaganda tool.

展望未來，門德斯必須得避免音樂家和委內(nèi)瑞拉政府之間的沖突。批評者指責(zé)他利用音樂節(jié)目作為宣傳工具。

Tensions between El Sistema and Venezuelan officials developed in 2017. At that time, Gustavo Dudamel criticized President Nicolas Maduro's attempt to form a national assembly of mostly government supporters. Some critics viewed the move as another step toward dictatorship.

2017年，委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系與委內(nèi)瑞拉官員之間的關(guān)系出現(xiàn)了緊張。當(dāng)時，古斯塔沃·杜達(dá)梅爾(Gustavo Dudamel)批評總統(tǒng)馬杜羅試圖組建一個大多數(shù)是政府支持者的國民大會。一些批評者認(rèn)為此舉是朝著獨裁又邁出一步。

Maduro asked Dudamel to "not attack those of us who have been crucial to the expansion of the [musical] movement."

馬杜羅要求杜達(dá)梅爾“不要攻擊我們這些對擴(kuò)大音樂運動至關(guān)重要的人。”

Venezuelan officials then cancelled two El Sistema trips through the United States and Asia. Dudamel was to lead the series of performances. No official explanation was given as to why the trips were cancelled.

委內(nèi)瑞拉官員隨后取消了委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系直達(dá)美國和亞洲的兩趟行程。杜達(dá)梅爾當(dāng)時正舉行一系列演出。官方?jīng)]有給出這些行程為何被取消的解釋。

Mendez said Dudamel will continue to be El Sistema's creative director. Dudamel is expected to lead several concerts in Venezuela in August and September. He may also take part in an El Sistema exhibition in May at a United Nations meeting in Vienna.

門德斯表示，杜達(dá)梅爾將繼續(xù)擔(dān)任委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系的創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)。預(yù)計杜達(dá)梅爾將于8月和9月在委內(nèi)瑞拉舉行幾場音樂會。他還可能參與委內(nèi)瑞拉青少年樂團(tuán)體系五月份在維也納聯(lián)合國會議上展覽。

Reporters asked Mendez whether he would permit his musicians to voice their political views. He said he would not censure anyone.

記者問門德斯是否允許他的音樂家們發(fā)表他們的政治觀點。他說他不會譴責(zé)任何人。

"Everyone is responsible for his actions, and is responsible for saying or doing what they think is right," Mendez said.

門德斯表示：“每個人都要承擔(dān)自己行為的后果，也有責(zé)任說出或做他們認(rèn)為正確的事情。”

I'm Jonathan Evans.

喬納森·埃文斯報道。