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VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：韓國(guó)計(jì)劃無(wú)視聯(lián)合國(guó)制裁向朝鮮提供援助

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2017年09月20日

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[00:00.16]Members of the United Nations Security Council are considering new sanctions [00:05.76]for North Korea in reaction to its sixth and most powerful nuclear test. [00:13.36]However, experts say the support of China is critical [00:18.40]to increase pressure on the government of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. [00:25.44]China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi said Thursday, [00:29.44]"The U.N. Security Council should respond further and take necessary measures." [00:36.36]But, Wang said "sanctions and pressure" must be tied to "dialogue and negotiations." [00:44.32]China has said that increased restrictions [00:47.84]will not ease tensions on the Korean Peninsula. [00:53.40]U.S. President Donald Trump spoke to Chinese President Xi Jinping [00:59.04]about North Korea on Wednesday. [01:02.48]Trump said Xi agreed on the need to answer North Korea's nuclear test, [01:09.88]saying, "He does not want to see what is happening there either." [01:16.12]On Monday, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley [01:21.96]said the 15-member UN Security Council would negotiate a version [01:28.12]of a resolution to place new sanctions on North Korea. [01:34.12]She said the U.S. would seek a vote by Monday. [01:38.68]On August 5, the UN Security Council approved resolution 2371. [01:48.08]It came as the result of two long-range missile tests [01:52.84]that North Korea carried out in July. [01:56.92]The UN Security Council barred North Korea from exporting coal, [02:02.80]iron, lead and seafood, along with other restrictions. [02:09.92]The measures were aimed at cutting about one-third of North Korea's [02:14.88]$3 billion in export income. [02:20.36]However, now there are calls to cut North Korea's fuel imports [02:26.12]in an effort to build pressure on its leaders. [02:30.84]VOA received a copy of the new proposed resolution on North Korea on Wednesday. [02:38.84]The proposal calls for stopping North Korean cloth and clothing exports, [02:44.96]and seeks to put limits on North Koreans working in other countries. [02:51.32]But the biggest restriction would ban the sale of oil, [02:55.48]refined petroleum products, and natural gas liquids to the North. [03:02.52]Support from Russia and China is needed for an oil embargo to work. [03:09.12]Both countries are permanent members of the Security Council. [03:14.28]They also are energy exporters to North Korea. [03:19.40]On Wednesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin did not offer support [03:25.32]for the idea of blocking North Korea's oil imports. [03:30.36]Putin spoke during a meeting with South Korean President Moon Jae-in [03:35.88]in an economic meeting in Vladivostok, Russia. [03:40.56]China provides North Korea with most of its oil and gas. [03:47.04]Joseph DeTrani is a former special diplomat to the six party talks. [03:53.48]They were nuclear talks including both Koreas, China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. [04:04.52]DeTrani says the leverage that the Chinese "have on crude oil is immense." [04:12.20]But he says an oil embargo would destabilize North Korea's economy, [04:18.08]something China opposes. [04:20.90]Although China and North Korea have had strained relations, [04:26.76]DeTrani says Chinese public support for an oil ban is unlikely. [04:35.12]"China doesn't want to make North Korea a total enemy. [04:39.88]They want to have some leverage. [04:42.80]They don't want to totally alienate the leadership in Pyongyang." [04:50.00]Richard Bush is with the Brookings Institution's John L. Thornton China Center. [04:56.84]He says China has to walk a fine line in its policies towards its eastern neighbor. [05:05.72]Bush says China wants to influence North Korea to stop its nuclear and missile tests. [05:14.08]At the same time, China worries that a complete oil embargo [05:19.60]would cause the country to collapse. [05:23.12]That situation would create a refugee crisis on China's border. [05:29.88]Instead, Bush says China may try to create some flexibility [05:35.68]in possible new sanctions by setting a limit for yearly oil imports, [05:42.08]or by slowly decreasing them. [05:45.92]He says China "wants to preserve its own freedom of action and flexibility, [05:53.24]but at the same time be responsive to the concerns of the international community." [06:01.52]Yun Sun is a China expert at the Stimson Center in Washington DC. [06:09.04]She says China has not shown that it is willing to cut off the North's oil supplies. [06:16.96]She said it might press for oil exports to be considered [06:21.72]a humanitarian exception to UN Security Council sanctions. [06:28.08]I'm Mario Ritter.

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Despite Sanctions, South Korea Plans to Send Aid to North

韓國(guó)計(jì)劃無(wú)視聯(lián)合國(guó)制裁向朝鮮提供援助

South Korean President Moon Jae-in seems to have moved closer to the United States' position on North Korea.

韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)文在寅似乎同美國(guó)對(duì)朝鮮的立場(chǎng)更加接近了。

Moon appears to be more supportive of the U.S. policy to pressure the North Korean government into giving up its nuclear program. Yet his government still plans to send $8 million in humanitarian aid to the North.

文在寅似乎更加支持美國(guó)迫使朝鮮政府放棄其核武器計(jì)劃的政策。然而文在寅政府卻還在計(jì)劃向朝鮮提供800萬(wàn)美元的人道主義援助。

Baik Tae-hyun is with the South Korean Unification Ministry. On Monday, he said the political situation would not stop South Korea from sending aid for children, pregnant women and some social groups.

韓國(guó)統(tǒng)一部的白泰鉉周一表示，政治局勢(shì)不會(huì)阻止韓國(guó)向兒童、孕婦和一些社會(huì)團(tuán)體提供援助。

Moon Jae-in is a former human rights lawyer. At the start of his presidency in May 2017, he tried to balance economic actions against North Korea with aid to that country. His hope was to lessen conflict between the two Koreas over time.

文在寅曾是人權(quán)律師。他在2017年5月?lián)慰偨y(tǒng)伊始就試圖在對(duì)朝鮮經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁和援助之間取得平衡。他希望隨著時(shí)間推移，減少兩國(guó)之間的沖突。

On sanctions

關(guān)于制裁

However, North Korea carried out its sixth nuclear test earlier this month. Since then, the Moon administration has given signs it would more fully support U.S. President Donald Trump's "maximum pressure" strategy toward the North. The policy combines economic sanctions and the threat of military action to try to force North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons.

然而，本月初朝鮮進(jìn)行了第六次核試驗(yàn)。此后，文在寅政府已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出將會(huì)更加全面支持美國(guó)總統(tǒng)川普對(duì)朝鮮“施加最大壓力”戰(zhàn)略的跡象。該政策結(jié)合了經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁和武力威脅，力圖迫使朝鮮放棄核武器。

President Moon has expressed support for the latest United Nations or UN sanctions against North Korea. U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley said those measures cut "90 percent of trade and 30 percent of oil" imports to North Korea. Moon also tried to get Russian President Vladimir Putin to support a total oil embargo on North Korea. But neither Russia nor China were willing to support such a measure.

文在寅總統(tǒng)表示支持聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)朝鮮的最新制裁。美國(guó)駐聯(lián)合國(guó)大使尼基·黑利(Nikki Haley)表示，這些措施將會(huì)切斷“朝鮮90%的貿(mào)易和30%的進(jìn)口。”文在寅還試圖說(shuō)服俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京支持對(duì)朝鮮的全面石油禁運(yùn)。但是中俄兩國(guó)都不愿意支持這樣一種措施。

After North Korea fired a ballistic missile over Japan last Friday, Moon said negotiation with Pyongyang is impossible if things continue this way.

在上周五朝鮮發(fā)射一枚彈道導(dǎo)彈飛越日本之后，文在寅表示，如果事態(tài)繼續(xù)這樣發(fā)展，與平壤的談判就絕無(wú)可能。

On Monday, Moon said his government wants to give North Korea "powerful punishment" to make it clear that the North has "no other choice but to give up its nuclear weapons and missiles."

文在寅周一表示，韓國(guó)政府希望給予朝鮮“有力懲罰”，以明確表明朝鮮“別無(wú)選擇，唯有放棄其核武器和導(dǎo)彈。”

Humanitarian aid

人道主義援助

President Moon is now prioritizing support for the U.S. strategy toward North Korea. But experts say he still wants to find a long-term peaceful solution to the nuclear crisis, which is also a goal for the Trump administration.

文在寅總統(tǒng)目前重點(diǎn)支持美國(guó)對(duì)朝鮮戰(zhàn)略。但是專家表示，他依然希望找到和平解決核危機(jī)的長(zhǎng)期辦法，這也是川普政府的目標(biāo)。

"It is not either-or, but both countries need to achieve both goals," said Bong Young-shik, a North Korean expert with the Yonsei University Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul.

首爾延世大學(xué)朝鮮問(wèn)題研究所的朝鮮問(wèn)題專家旁永世(音譯)說(shuō)：“這不是一個(gè)非此即彼的問(wèn)題，而是兩國(guó)政府都需要達(dá)成的雙重目標(biāo)。”

The Unification Ministry defended its humanitarian aid plan as "separate from sanctions and pressure" and talked of the need to help North Koreans who already live in poverty.

韓國(guó)統(tǒng)一部為其人道主義援助計(jì)劃辯護(hù)，稱其“與制裁和試壓毫不相干，”并談到了幫助已經(jīng)生活在貧困中的朝鮮人的必要性。

South Korea plans to donate $4.5 million to help the World Food Program provide food to North Korean hospitals. And, it will give $3.5 million to the United Nations Children's Fund for medicine and nutrition to help children and pregnant women.

韓國(guó)計(jì)劃捐出450萬(wàn)美元幫助世界糧食計(jì)劃署向朝鮮醫(yī)院提供食物。同時(shí)，它將向聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)捐出350萬(wàn)美元用于購(gòu)買藥品、營(yíng)養(yǎng)品，以幫助兒童和孕婦。

These donations to UN agencies would restart South Korean humanitarian aid to the North. The aid was suspended in 2016 after North Korea's fourth nuclear test. The North Korean government rejected earlier offers of assistance and cooperation from Seoul.

向聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)提供的上述捐助將會(huì)重啟韓國(guó)對(duì)朝鮮的人道主義援助。這種援助在2016年朝鮮第四次核試驗(yàn)之后中斷。朝鮮政府拒絕了韓國(guó)之前提供的援助和合作。

The Moon administration noted that the U.S. and Russia provided millions of dollars in the last year for aid to North Korea through the same U.N. agencies.

文在寅政府指出，美國(guó)和俄羅斯去年也通過(guò)相同的聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)，向朝鮮提供了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的援助。

But Yoshihide Suga, Japan's chief cabinet secretary, said last week that giving aid to North Korea could weaken international efforts to pressure the North.

但是日本內(nèi)閣官房長(zhǎng)官菅義偉上周表示，援助朝鮮可能會(huì)削弱國(guó)際社會(huì)向朝鮮施壓的努力。

Moon's critics say the aid will lessen the effect of the sanctions and help to stabilize the Kim government as it continues to develop nuclear weapons.

批評(píng)文在寅的人士表示，這些援助將會(huì)減輕制裁的影響，并且在朝鮮繼續(xù)發(fā)展核武器之際幫助穩(wěn)定該國(guó)政府。

Ahn Chan-il is an expert with the World Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He fled to South Korea from the North almost 40 years ago.

首爾朝鮮問(wèn)題國(guó)際研究所專家安昌有(Ahn Chan-il)近40年前從朝鮮逃到了韓國(guó)。

Ahn said, "South Korea's decision to send humanitarian aid to North Korea is nothing different from sending medication for casualties to an enemy country."

安昌有表示：“韓國(guó)向朝鮮提供人道主義援助的決定無(wú)異于向敵國(guó)傷員送藥。”

South Korean opposition parties also criticized the timing of the aid announcement last week, just after international sanctions began.

韓國(guó)反對(duì)黨上周，也就是國(guó)際制裁開(kāi)始之后，也對(duì)韓國(guó)宣布援助的時(shí)機(jī)提出了批評(píng)。

There are also concerns that President Trump will again be critical of President Moon's aid plan. Trump recently called Moon's aid approach unworkable "appeasement."

還有人擔(dān)憂川普將會(huì)再次批評(píng)文在寅的援助計(jì)劃。川普最近稱文在寅的援助手段是不可行的“綏靖主義。”

I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Alice Bryant.

吉爾·羅賓斯報(bào)道。艾莉絲·布萊恩特報(bào)道。

South Korean President Moon Jae-in seems to have moved closer to the United States’ position on North Korea.

Moon appears to be more supportive of the U.S. policy to pressure the North Korean government into giving up its nuclear program. Yet his government still plans to send $8 million in humanitarian aid to the North.

Baik Tae-hyun is with the South Korean Unification Ministry. On Monday, he said the political situation would not stop South Korea from sending aid for children, pregnant women and some social groups.

Moon Jae-in is a former human rights lawyer. At the start of his presidency in May 2017, he tried to balance economic actions against North Korea with aid to that country. His hope was to lessen conflict between the two Koreas over time.

On sanctions

However, North Korea carried out its sixth nuclear test earlier this month. Since then, the Moon administration has given signs it would more fully support U.S. President Donald Trump’s “maximum pressure” strategy toward the North. The policy combines economic sanctions and the threat of military action to try to force North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons.

President Moon has expressed support for the latest United Nations or UN sanctions against North Korea. U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley said those measures cut “90 percent of trade and 30 percent of oil” imports to North Korea. Moon also tried to get Russian President Vladimir Putin to support a total oil embargo on North Korea. But neither Russia nor China were willing to support such a measure.

After North Korea fired a ballistic missile over Japan last Friday, Moon said negotiation with Pyongyang is impossible if things continue this way.

On Monday, Moon said his government wants to give North Korea “powerful punishment" to make it clear that the North has “no other choice but to give up its nuclear weapons and missiles.”

Humanitarian aid

President Moon is now prioritizing support for the U.S. strategy toward North Korea. But experts say he still wants to find a long-term peaceful solution to the nuclear crisis, which is also a goal for the Trump administration.

“It is not either-or, but both countries need to achieve both goals,” said Bong Young-shik, a North Korean expert with the Yonsei University Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul.

The Unification Ministry defended its humanitarian aid plan as “separate from sanctions and pressure” and talked of the need to help North Koreans who already live in poverty.

South Korea plans to donate $4.5 million to help the World Food Program provide food to North Korean hospitals. And, it will give $3.5 million to the United Nations Children’s Fund for medicine and nutrition to help children and pregnant women.

These donations to UN agencies would restart South Korean humanitarian aid to the North. The aid was suspended in 2016 after North Korea's fourth nuclear test. The North Korean government rejected earlier offers of assistance and cooperation from Seoul.

The Moon administration noted that the U.S. and Russia provided millions of dollars in the last year for aid to North Korea through the same U.N. agencies.

But Yoshihide Suga, Japan’s chief cabinet secretary, said last week that giving aid to North Korea could weaken international efforts to pressure the North.

Moon’s critics say the aid will lessen the effect of the sanctions and help to stabilizethe Kim government as it continues to develop nuclear weapons.

Ahn Chan-il is an expert with the World Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He fled to South Korea from the North almost 40 years ago.

Ahn said, “South Korea's decision to send humanitarian aid to North Korea is nothing different from sending medication for casualties to an enemy country."

South Korean opposition parties also criticized the timing of the aid announcement last week, just after international sanctions began.

There are also concerns that President Trump will again be critical of President Moon’s aid plan. Trump recently called Moon's aid approach unworkable “appeasement.”

I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Alice Bryant.

_______________________________________________________________

Words in This Story

sanction – n. an action that is taken or an order that is given to force a country to obey international laws, often by limiting or stopping trade with that country or not allowing it economic aid

embargo – n. a government order that limits trade in some way

ballistic missile – n. a weapon that is shot through the sky over a great distance and then falls to the ground and explodes

prioritize – v. to organize things so that the most important thing is done or dealt with first

stabilize – v. to become stable or to make something secure

casualty – n. a person who is hurt or killed during an accident or war

appeasement – n. the act of making someone pleased or less angry by giving or saying something desired

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