VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：疾病威脅全球香蕉供應(yīng)

疾病威脅全球香蕉供應(yīng)

A disease called “Panama” is threatening supplies of the world’s most popular fruit – banana.

一種名叫“巴拿馬”的疾病正在威脅全球最受歡迎的水果——香蕉的供應(yīng)。

Two years ago, the United Nations warned that the “Panama disease” could destroy “much of the world’s banana crop.”

兩年前，聯(lián)合國(guó)警告說(shuō)“巴拿馬病毒”會(huì)摧毀全球大量香蕉樹(shù)。

Since then, things have not gotten better. A new outbreak was discovered last year in Australia. The disease started in Asia in the 1990s, and later spread to Africa and the Middle East.

自那時(shí)起，情況就沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)。去年澳大利亞爆發(fā)了新的疾病。該病毒20世紀(jì)90年代起源于亞洲，后又傳播至非洲和中東地區(qū)。

World health officials worry the disease could travel to Latin America, one of the top banana producers in the world.

世界衛(wèi)生組的官員擔(dān)心該疾病會(huì)傳播至拉丁美洲，那里是全球最大的香蕉出產(chǎn)地。

All this is a big concern because bananas are an important source of income and nutrients for millions of people. They are grown in 135 tropical nations.

由于香蕉買(mǎi)賣(mài)是重要的收入來(lái)源，且香蕉又富含數(shù)百萬(wàn)人需要營(yíng)養(yǎng)素，此次疾病無(wú)疑是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。有135個(gè)熱帶地區(qū)的國(guó)家盛產(chǎn)香蕉。

The United Nations lists bananas as one of the most important foods, along with rice, wheat and corn. In 2011, farmers produced 107 metric tons, the UN said.

聯(lián)合國(guó)將香蕉與水稻、小麥和玉米同列為最重要的食物。聯(lián)合國(guó)表示，2011年，香蕉產(chǎn)量為107公噸。

The website ultimatesuperfoods.org says bananas also contain serotonin, which it says makes people feel happy.

一網(wǎng)站(https://www.ultimatesuperfoods.org/)上說(shuō)香蕉富含血清素，該物質(zhì)可使人感到愉悅。

“No matter who you are, you’ll enjoy the calming effects and positive vibes,” the website says of the banana.

該網(wǎng)站這樣形容香蕉：“無(wú)論你是誰(shuí)，你都會(huì)有平靜和積極的感覺(jué)。”

Concern in the banana industry

香蕉產(chǎn)業(yè)的憂慮

Randy Ploetz is a professor at the Tropical Research & Educational Center at the University of Florida. Many consider him as America’s top banana expert, or, “top banana.”

蘭迪·普羅茲(Randy Ploetz)是美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)(University of Florida)熱帶研究和教育中心(Tropical Research and Educational Center)的教授。他被廣譽(yù)為美國(guó)頂尖香蕉專家。

As he explained, Panama disease affects the Cavendish banana. The Cavendish is one of more than 500 kinds of bananas. But it is the most popular.

他解釋說(shuō)，巴拿馬疾病對(duì)卡文迪什香蕉產(chǎn)量有極大影響。香蕉約有500余種，卡文迪什香蕉是其中的一種且是最流行的一種。

“The industry is waking up to the problem,” Ploetz said. “They are pretty scared.”

“該產(chǎn)業(yè)正在面臨一個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題，”普羅茲說(shuō)：“人們對(duì)此都很恐懼。”

He was speaking Thursday by telephone from Miami, Florida, where he is among 1,000 people attending the International Banana Congress.

周四他從弗羅里達(dá)邁阿密打來(lái)電話時(shí)這樣表示，他正在那里參加1000人的國(guó)際香蕉會(huì)議。

The meeting was supposed to take place in Costa Rica, but was moved at the last minute. There were concerns banana growers could spread Panama disease from dirt collected on their shoes, Ploetz said.

普羅茲說(shuō)，該會(huì)議本應(yīng)在哥斯達(dá)黎加召開(kāi)，但于最后時(shí)刻變換了開(kāi)會(huì)地點(diǎn)，這是因?yàn)閾?dān)心蕉農(nóng)會(huì)將鞋子上沾染的病菌傳播至他處。

Ploetz said reports Cavendish banana production could end are not correct. But if the disease spreads to Latin America, it could hurt the world’s economy along with food supplies for millions of people.

普羅茲說(shuō)，有報(bào)道稱卡文迪什香蕉將會(huì)絕產(chǎn)有誤。但如果該疾病擴(kuò)散至拉丁美洲，將嚴(yán)重?fù)p害世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和涉及千家萬(wàn)戶的食品供應(yīng)。

Still, he said there is reason for hope. Scientists in Australia are working on a genetically engineered banana that might not be at risk of getting Panama disease. But Ploetz wondered if people are ready to accept genetically engineered bananas.

他說(shuō)目前還有希望，澳大利亞的科學(xué)家們正在研究可抵抗巴拿馬疾病的轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉。但普羅茲不確定人們是否會(huì)接受轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉。

Robert Bertram is chief scientist for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). He said bananas are important to many millions of people all over the world.

羅伯特·伯特倫是美國(guó)國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)署(USAID)的首席科學(xué)家。他說(shuō)香蕉對(duì)全世界人民都很重要。

“In Africa, Asia and tropical America, bananas and plantains are an important food source for more than 100 million people,” he told VOA.

“對(duì)于生活在非洲、亞洲和熱帶美洲的一億人來(lái)說(shuō)，香蕉和大蕉是重要的食物來(lái)源。”他告訴美國(guó)之音。

“As a cash crop, bananas are sold in local, regional and international markets,” Bertram said. Banana exports provide jobs and foreign money that producing countries need, he said.

“香蕉作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，不僅在當(dāng)?shù)爻鍪?，還在各地區(qū)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上銷售。”伯特倫說(shuō)。香蕉出口可為出產(chǎn)國(guó)提供工作機(jī)會(huì)和并賺取外匯。

Bertram said USAID is organizing a worldwide effort to stop the growth of Panama disease.

伯特倫表示美國(guó)國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)署正在世界范圍內(nèi)努力控制巴拿馬疾病蔓延。

A fungus, known as TR4, causes the Panama disease.

一種叫做黃葉病熱帶第4型的真菌引起巴拿馬疾病。

Before 2013, Bertram said, it was limited to Asia – China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Taiwan. Since then, it spread to the Middle East – Jordan, Lebanon, Oman and Pakistan and to Africa, in Mozambique.

伯特倫說(shuō)，2013年之前，在亞洲的中國(guó)、印度尼西亞、馬來(lái)西亞、菲律賓、阿曼和巴基斯坦;非洲的莫桑比克，該病毒曾被控制。

In the 1960s, the same fungus wiped out the ‘Gros Michel’ banana crop, which at the time was the world’s most popular. The Cavendish replaced it.

20世紀(jì)60年代，但是世界上最為流行的大麥克香蕉遭到了同種真菌的侵襲，之后卡文迪什香蕉取而代之。

John McQuaid, author of “Tasty: The Art and Science of What We Eat” said some people think the Gros Michels “tasted better.”

約翰·麥奎德是《品味的科學(xué)：從地球生命的第一口，到飲食科學(xué)研究最前線》(Tasty: The Art and Science of What We Eat)的作者。他說(shuō)，有人認(rèn)為大麥克香蕉的口感更好。

At Wageningen University in the Netherlands, researchers are looking for Cavendish replacements. Their work is difficult. Researchers said a replacement will have to resist Panama disease, and survive the shipping time needed to get bananas to stores thousands of miles away from banana fields.

在荷蘭的瓦赫寧根大學(xué)，研究人員正在尋找能取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種。這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新香蕉必須能夠抵抗巴拿馬疾病，并能經(jīng)受得起長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)輸，因?yàn)橄憬抖家贿\(yùn)送到香蕉田幾千公里之外。

And, yes, they will have to taste good.

除此之外，這些香蕉還需可口美味。