VOA慢速英語:新技術變廢為寶
The future in energy production is here. And some of the materials used tosupply the energy may surprise you! Companies have developed a way toturn plant wastes and other garbage into fuel. It has been called one of themost promising technologies in alternative energy. And the process isexpected to become more common this year.
The American-based company Fiberight is taking the lead in this new form ofenergy production. Truck loads of garbage are sent to Fiberight’s test plant insouthern Virginia. Randy Garrett heads the plant. He says old vegetables,cardboard boxes and other wastes become something much more valuablethrough the work done at the factory.
“What we’re doing is taking a, that (what was) originally headed for a landfill,half of this material is going to be processed for the conversion of biofuel suchas ethanol.”
Ethanol makes up about 10 percent of America’s fuel supply. Nearly all of itcomes from corn, the food known as maize in some countries. Critics saythis creates competition between food and fuel, and raises food prices. Environmentalists say farmers are using more land to plant corn crops. Theyalso say farmers are using more fertilizers and products for killing insects. They say this creates more pollution.
But Fiberight does not depend on corn to produce fuel. Randy Garrett saysthe garbage is loaded into a huge pressure cooker.
“That converts your paper, your cardboard, banana peels, any organic fibers, it converts it to a pulp. That pulp is what we’re after for our energy-fuelconversion.”
The material that comes out of the cooker is mostly cellulose, a substancethat can be made into sugar. The sugar can then be turned into ethanol.
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Garbage from a dumpsite like this one in Manila can be turned into fuel with new technologies. |
In 2007, President George W. Bush signed a law that required increasingamounts of ethanol in U.S. gasoline. One goal of the law was to supportproduction of new kinds of fuel. The energy created from plant material wouldproduce fewer environmentally harmful gases than those from oil-based fuels.
This year, several other fuel production plants are expected to start makingethanol from the cellulose in corn stalks, wheat straw and other plant material.
Madhu Khanna is an agricultural economist at the University of Illinois. Shesays making cellulosic ethanol turned out to be harder than expected.
“We know how to do that in a lab. The main problem is doing that in acontinuous way, cost-effectively on a large scale.”
Ethanol production from cellulose has yet to meet expectations. However, this year could be the turning point. But Madhu Khanna says our cars maylimit how much the industry can grow.
“Even if we can begin to produce this cost-effectively, we need to be able toconsume it as well.”
Only a few models of automobiles can operate on high-ethanol fuel. Withoutmore of them, there is only so much gas from garbage that will sell.
I’m Jonathan Evans.
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