歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1994年01

[00:09.95]1994 Passage1 [00:15.55]The American economic system is organized around [00:19.30]a basically private-enterprise, [00:21.59]market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine [00:26.55]what shall be produced by spending their money [00:29.50]in the marketplace for those goods and services [00:32.40]that they want most. [00:35.00]Private businessmen, striving to make profits, [00:38.90]produce these goods and services in competition [00:42.02]with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating [00:46.51]under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods [00:50.72]and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system [00:57.25]it is the demand of individual consumers, [01:00.30]coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits [01:04.95]and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, [01:08.98]that together determine what shall be produced [01:12.00]and how resources are used to produce it. [01:15.60]An important factor in a market-oriented economy [01:18.80]is the mechanism by which consumer demands [01:22.20]can be expressed and responded to by producers. [01:26.23]In the American economy, this mechanism [01:29.10]is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise [01:34.11]and fall in response to relative demands of consumers [01:38.41]and supplies offered by seller-producers. [01:42.55]If the products is in short supply relative to the demand, [01:46.78]the price will be bid up and some consumers [01:49.45]will be eliminated from the market. [01:52.48]If, on the other hand, producing more of [01:55.15]a commodity results in reducing its cost, [01:58.38]this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, [02:03.02]which in turn will lower the price [02:05.14]and permit more consumers to buy the product. [02:09.30]Thus, price is the regulating mechanism [02:12.30]in the American economic system. [02:15.77]The important factor in a private-enterprise economy [02:19.44]is that individuals are allowed to [02:21.50]own productive resources (private property), [02:25.19]and they are permitted to hire labor, [02:27.61]gain control over natural resources, [02:30.53]and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. [02:35.07]In the American economy, [02:37.10]the concept of private property [02:39.01]embraces not only the ownership of productive resources [02:42.91]but also certain rights, [02:45.21]including the right to determine the price of a product [02:48.14]or to make a free contract with another private individual.

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