大學(xué)英語綜合教程學(xué)生用書 Working Hard or Hardly Working?

[00:00.00] Working Hard or Hardly Working? [00:05.49]According to a recent survery,employees in many companies today [00:12.54]work linger hours than employees did in 1979. [00:20.19]They also take shorter vacations. [00:25.05]It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. [00:32.21]Or are they?A management consultant,Bill Meyer,decided to find out. [00:41.25]For three days,he observed an investment banker hand at work. [00:48.30]Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during hsi long workday [00:56.35]-the banker owrked 80 hours a week. [01:01.20]At the end of the three-day period, [01:05.75]Meyer reviewed the banker's activities with him. [01:11.21]What did they find out? [01:15.86]They discovered that the man spent 80 percent fo his time doing busy work. [01:24.22]For example,he attended unnecessary meetings, [01:30.78]made redundant telephone calls, [01:35.43]and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases. [01:42.48]Apparently,many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, [01:49.92]the more she or he accomplishes. [01:55.17]However,the connection between time and productivity is not always positive. [02:03.64]anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease. [02:15.18]Furthermore,it is not always easy for individuals [02:21.64]to realize that their performance is falling off. [02:27.98]Part of the problem is understandable. [02:33.13]When employers evaluate employees, [02:38.59]they often consider the amount of time [02:43.13]on the job in addition to job performance. [02:48.59]Employees know this. [02:53.14]Consequently,they work longer hours [02:58.49]and take less vacation time than they did nine years age. [03:04.95]Although many working people can do their job effectively [03:11.90]during a regular 40-hour work week. [03:16.96]they feel they have to spend more time on the job [03:23.00]after normal working hours so that the people who promote them see them. [03:30.55]A group of head-hunters [03:35.30](people who search out executive personnel for companies) [03:41.05]were asked their opinion about a situation. [03:46.40]They had a choice fo two candidates [03:51.44]for an executive positioon with an important company. [03:57.19]The candidates had comparable qualifications for the job. [04:04.24]For example,they were both reliable. [04:09.50]One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. [04:15.56]The other would do the same job in an 80-hour week just as well. [04:23.21]According to a head-hunting expert, [04:28.56]the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. [04:34.52]The time this candidate spends on the job [04:40.16]may encourage other employees to spends to spend more time at work,too. [04:47.22]Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, [04:54.06]they may actually do more work. [04:58.81]5 people do not work long hours only for more money. [05:05.58]In such fields as advertising,show business,and journalism, [05:13.42]the glamour and publicity are worth more than any monetary benefit. [05:20.89]On the other hand,many employees are not willing to spend so much extra, [05:28.54]unproductive time at the office. [05:33.27]Once they finish their work satisfactorily, [05:38.21]they want to relax and enjoy themselves. [05:43.56]For these people,the solution is to find a company [05:49.52]that encourages people to do both.

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