新概念第四冊(cè)課文精講 Lesson19:話說(shuō)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)

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課文19 話說(shuō)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)

285. It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function,

很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。

286. and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.

睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。

287. Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years,

人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。

288. and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.

一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。

289. 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on,

“休息”，從使肌肉得到放松等方面來(lái)看，

290. can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.

只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能達(dá)到。

291. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree,

人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，

292. and function best when more or less continuously active.

有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能最佳。

293. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep

事實(shí)上，睡眠狀態(tài)下仍有著基本的活動(dòng)量，

294. which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.

以防止肌肉活動(dòng)停止。

295. If it is not a question of resting the body,

如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身體得到休息，

296. then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting?

那么也許是讓大腦得以休息?

297. This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.

若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。

298. First the electroencephalograph

第一點(diǎn)，腦電圖記錄儀

299. shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep,

顯示，人在睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的方式有變化，

300. there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.

但沒(méi)有跡象表明，其活動(dòng)總量有任何減少。

301. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.

第二點(diǎn)更有意思，也更重要。

302. Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.

前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。

303. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements,

他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不時(shí)伴有一陣陣奇怪的眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)，

304. some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.

這些活動(dòng)有的飄忽而緩慢，有的急劇而快速。

305. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.

在眼球活動(dòng)期間被叫醒的人都說(shuō)自己在做夢(mèng);

306. When woken at other times they reported no dreams.

在其他期間叫醒他們，則說(shuō)沒(méi)有做夢(mèng)。

307. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end,

如果有兩組人，一組人連續(xù)幾夜在眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒;

308. and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements,

另一組人也是連續(xù)幾夜被叫醒，但是在眼球隊(duì)沒(méi)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒的。

309. the first group began to show some personality disorders

結(jié)果，第一組人開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)性格失常，

310. while the others seemed more or less unaffected.

而第二組人似乎沒(méi)受什么影響。

311. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered,but the disturbance of dreaming.

這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂是有問(wèn)題的。