金融英語口語 32.The History
[00:00.00]New Words
[00:00.82]新單詞
[00:01.65]Babylon n.
[00:02.32]巴比倫(古代巴比倫王國首都)
[00:03.00]temple n.
[00:03.59]廟宇，專供某種活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所
[00:04.18](the) Renaissance n.
[00:05.02]文藝復(fù)興，
[00:05.85]ancient adj.
[00:06.52]古代的
[00:07.18]Greece n.
[00:07.85]希臘
[00:08.52]breakup n.
[00:09.23]分裂，崩潰
[00:09.95]decline n.
[00:10.64]下降，衰落
[00:11.34]usury n.
[00:11.96]高利貸，高利
[00:12.59]illegal adj.
[00:13.23]不合法的;非法的
[00:13.87]Belgium n.
[00:14.56]比利時(shí)
[00:15.26]function n.
[00:15.84]功能，作用
[00:16.43]complex adj.
[00:17.20]復(fù)雜的
[00:17.97]especially adv.
[00:18.66]特別地
[00:19.36]expand v.
[00:20.13]擴(kuò)大
[00:20.90]partially adv.
[00:21.54]部分地
[00:22.18]Venice n.
[00:22.94]威尼斯(意大利港市)
[00:23.69]semi-public adj.
[00:24.53]半公立的
[00:25.36]Phrases & Expressions
[00:27.53]Roman Empire
[00:28.36]羅馬帝國
[00:29.18]emerge from
[00:30.11]出現(xiàn)，冒出
[00:31.03]feudal system
[00:31.86]封建體制
[00:32.68]Middle Ages
[00:33.50]中世紀(jì)
[00:34.32]bill of exchange
[00:35.21]匯票
[00:36.10]regulatory function
[00:37.33]常規(guī)作用
[00:38.56]Z:Good afternoon!
[00:39.30]張：下午好!
[00:40.05]A:Good afternoon!
[00:40.84]全體：下午好!
[00:41.64]Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west.
[00:44.41]張：今天我要講點(diǎn)西方銀行史。
[00:47.18]Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago.
[00:50.63]這是很有意思的，最早的銀行大約是四千年前在巴比倫建立的。
[00:54.07]They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans.
[00:56.41]實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行的放款的場(chǎng)所。
[00:58.75]S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe.
[01:01.44]學(xué)1：我明白了，但我原來一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。
[01:04.13]N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too.
[01:07.20]周：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期早多了。古希臘和羅馬都有許多銀行，
[01:10.27]It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance.
[01:15.47]直到羅馬帝崩潰和商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。
[01:20.67]S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?
[01:22.73]學(xué)2：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，放禁止放高利貸是怎么回事?
[01:24.79]Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans?
[01:26.75]這些法律沒有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎?
[01:28.71]Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France,
[01:34.79]周：是的，規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)，后來又在法國，
[01:40.86]Germany and England.
[01:41.90]德國和英國。
[01:42.95]S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance.
[01:45.65]學(xué)3：所以實(shí)際上我們可以說，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開始了。
[01:48.36]Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period.
[01:51.90]張：對(duì)的。顯而易見，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來時(shí)，
[01:55.44]Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
[02:00.67]商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開始變得復(fù)雜起來了。
[02:05.91]S4:Could you tell us more in detail?
[02:07.19]學(xué)4：您能說得再具體些嗎?
[02:08.47]Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England,
[02:11.84]周：是的。一方面很多銀行就是這樣興起的，特別是在法國和英國。
[02:15.21]but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans,
[02:17.93]可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)，發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄，貸款，
[02:20.64]issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes;
[02:23.67]發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。
[02:26.70]for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
[02:30.64]另一方面他們開始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。
[02:34.57]S5:When did the idea of central banks get started?
[02:36.64]學(xué)5：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開始的?
[02:38.72]Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
[02:43.41]張：哦，第一個(gè)由國家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來的。
[02:48.10]Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public.
[02:51.06]后來英格蘭銀行出現(xiàn)。我們稱這種銀行為半公立銀行。
[02:54.03]As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day.
[03:00.35]事實(shí)上在19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行已建立起來。好吧!下課。
[03:06.67]A:Good-bye!
[03:07.17]全：再見!
