第八版新冠肺炎診療方案發(fā)布 明確潛伏期傳染性

2020年7月30日，一名醫(yī)務(wù)工作者在為一個(gè)兒童做核酸檢測(cè)。(圖片來源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào))

The incubation period for COVID-19, the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, is about three to seven days for most people and can be up to 14 days, during which these pre-symptomatic patients can be contagious, according to the latest guideline.

試行第八版診療方案提出，新冠肺炎的潛伏期(感染病毒到出現(xiàn)癥狀之前)多為3到7天，最長(zhǎng)可達(dá)14天，潛伏期即有傳染性。

The five days after symptoms occur is when the disease becomes highly transmissible, the guideline said.

發(fā)病后5天內(nèi)傳染性較強(qiáng)。

【單詞講解】

在說到“具有傳染性的”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，新聞報(bào)道中常用的兩個(gè)詞是contagious和transmissible，在表示某個(gè)疾病具有傳染性的時(shí)候，這兩個(gè)詞是可以互相替換使用的，contagious/transmissible disease。二者的區(qū)別在于，transmissible只能用來形容疾病的傳染性，而contagious適用的范圍要廣得多，除了表示疾病本身的傳染性之外，也可以用來形容染了傳染病的患者，contagious patients。此外，我們形容一個(gè)人的笑聲特別有感染力，也可以說contagious laughter;某個(gè)時(shí)尚潮流傳播很快就是a contagious fad。

Respiratory droplets and close contact with infected patients are the primary methods of transmission,and exposure to virus-contaminated objects can also cause infection, it added.

經(jīng)呼吸道飛沫和密切接觸傳播是主要的傳播途徑。接觸病毒污染的物品也可造成感染。

病理改變

In terms of the effect of the novel coronavirus on the body, the guideline said the virus can damage the lungs, spleen, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, brain and digestive tracts.

在新冠病毒對(duì)身體的病理改變方面，方案指出，病毒會(huì)對(duì)肺臟、脾臟、骨髓、心臟和血管、肝臟、腎臟、腦組織以及消化道等器官和組織產(chǎn)生破壞作用。

臨床表現(xiàn)

The symptoms of infected children are typically mild, with nausea, diarrhea and shortness of breath being some of the more common ones, the guideline found. However, an extremely small number of children could develop Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, showing symptoms similar to the rare Kawasaki disease, an inflammation in the walls of arteries throughout the body that primarily affects children younger than 5.

兒童患者多為輕癥，常見癥狀有惡心、腹瀉、呼吸短促等。不過，極少數(shù)兒童可有多系統(tǒng)炎癥綜合征(MIS-C)，該綜合征表現(xiàn)為全身血管壁上的炎癥，其癥狀與川崎病類似，5歲以下兒童為多發(fā)人群。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

流行病學(xué)特征 epidemiological characteristics

感染率 rate of infection

無癥狀感染者 asymptomatic cases

密切接觸者 close contacts

醫(yī)學(xué)觀察 medical observation

傳染途徑 route of transmission

藥品和疫苗研發(fā) drug and vaccine development