高中語(yǔ)文新教材古詩(shī)文占近一半 20篇要求背誦

教育部日前召開(kāi)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)介紹高中三科統(tǒng)編教材情況。今年9月起，高中思想政治、語(yǔ)文、歷史三科統(tǒng)編教材將在北京、上海、天津、山東、海南、遼寧6個(gè)省(市)率先使用。其他省市也將在2022年前全部使用新教材。

"The new Chinese textbooks boast a selection of 67 classic works of ancient poetry and prose that account for 49.3 percent of all articles," said Wen Rumei, editor-in-chief of the new Chinese textbooks, at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education (MOE) on Tuesday.

普通高中語(yǔ)文教材總主編溫儒敏介紹，新的統(tǒng)編語(yǔ)文教材中，共選入古代詩(shī)文67篇(首)，占全部課文數(shù)的49.3%。

【詞匯講解】

這些名詞均含“文章”或“論文”之意。Composition多指學(xué)校里老師給學(xué)生的作文練習(xí);article多指在報(bào)刊、雜志上發(fā)表的非文藝性的文章，包括新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文等;prose專(zhuān)指散文。Paper是美式英語(yǔ)，對(duì)應(yīng)的英式英語(yǔ)是essay，在大學(xué)里一般都指文章，作為考試成績(jī)的一部分，不是專(zhuān)著性的論文。而thesis和dissertation在中文里都可以翻譯為論文、畢業(yè)論文，有時(shí)也可以互換使用，表示博士論文或者碩士論文。不過(guò)嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，英國(guó)大學(xué)和美國(guó)大學(xué)對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞的使用和定義很不一樣，可以說(shuō)正好相反：英國(guó)的博士論文一般都是thesis，指有創(chuàng)見(jiàn)性的專(zhuān)著性論文，碩士論文是dissertation;而在美國(guó)dissertation表示最高一層的、深入的、有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的畢業(yè)論文，即博士論文，thesis則多指碩士論文。

據(jù)悉，語(yǔ)文新教材精選了反映中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的經(jīng)典名篇(classic articles featuring traditional Chinese culture)，從古風(fēng)、民歌(folk music)、絕句(quatrains)、律詩(shī)(metrical verse)到詞曲，從諸子散文到歷史散文(proses)，從兩漢論文、魏晉辭賦到唐宋明清古文，從文言小說(shuō)(classical novels)到白話小說(shuō)(vernacular novels)，均有呈現(xiàn)。

The textbook puts special emphasis on China's revolutionary history, including five articles written by late Chinese leader Mao Zedong and five articles by prominent modern Chinese writer Lu Xun, who was a leading figure in the New Culture Movement in the 1910s, Wen said.

溫儒敏表示，語(yǔ)文教材選取反映革命歷史的作品，其中包括毛澤東的5篇(首)文章，以及上世紀(jì)初“新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)”先鋒魯迅的5篇文章。

It also includes more than 10 foreign classic articles as well as those reflecting China's achievements, he added.

教材也選入了十多篇外國(guó)文學(xué)文化經(jīng)典作品，以及反映我國(guó)發(fā)展成就的作品。

針對(duì)背誦問(wèn)題，溫儒敏說(shuō)，古詩(shī)文的背誦數(shù)不是很多，“高中要求背誦的古詩(shī)文才20篇，如果以三年來(lái)算，平均每個(gè)學(xué)年背誦六七篇，并不是很多。”

說(shuō)到那些年背過(guò)的古詩(shī)詞，相信每個(gè)人都有屬于自己的記憶。不如跟我們一起回顧其中兩篇吧，順便欣賞一下名家翻譯的英文版。

蘇軾《水調(diào)歌頭》

明月幾時(shí)有?把酒問(wèn)青天。

不知天上宮闕，今夕是何年?

我欲乘風(fēng)歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。

起舞弄清影，何似在人間。

轉(zhuǎn)朱閣，低綺戶(hù)，照無(wú)眠。

不應(yīng)有恨，何事長(zhǎng)向別時(shí)圓?

人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺，此事古難全。

但愿人長(zhǎng)久，千里共嬋娟。

許淵沖先生譯作：

How long will the full moon appear?

Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.

I do not know what time of the year

’Twould be tonight in the palace on high.

Riding the wind, there I would fly,

Yet I’m afraid the crystalline palace would be

Too high and cold for me.

I rise and dance, with my shadow I play.

On high as on earth, would it be as gay?

The moon goes round the mansions red

Through gauze-draped window soft to shed

Her light upon the sleepless bed.

Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days.

So let us wish that man

Will live long as he can!

Though miles apart, we’ll share the beauty she displays.

沁園春 長(zhǎng)沙(1925 年)

毛澤東

獨(dú)立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲頭。

看萬(wàn)山紅遍，層林盡染;漫江碧透，百舸爭(zhēng)流。

鷹擊長(zhǎng)空，魚(yú)翔淺底，萬(wàn)類(lèi)霜天競(jìng)自由。

悵寥廓，問(wèn)蒼茫天地，誰(shuí)主沉浮?

攜來(lái)百侶曾游，憶往昔崢嶸歲月稠。

恰同學(xué)少年，風(fēng)華正茂;書(shū)生意氣，揮斥方遒。

指點(diǎn)江山，激揚(yáng)文字，糞土當(dāng)年萬(wàn)戶(hù)侯。

曾記否，到中流擊水，浪遏飛舟!

許淵沖先生譯作：

CHANGSHA Tune:“ SPRING IN A PLEASURE GARDEN”(1925)

In autumn cold stand I

Of Orange Islet at the head

Where River Xiang northward goes by

I see hill on hill all in red

And wood on wood in a deep dye

The river green down to the bed

In speed a hundred barges vie

Far and wide eagles cleave the blue

Up and down fish in shallows glide

All creatures strive for freedom under frosty skies

Lost in immensity

I wonder who

Upon this boundless earth, decide

All beings’ fall and rise

With many friends I oft came here

How thick with salient days the bygones times appear

When, students in the flower of our age

Our spirit bright was at its height

Full of the scholar s notable rage

We criticized with all our might

Pointing to stream and hill

Writing in blame or praise

We treat d like dirt all mighty lords of old days

Do you remember still

Swimming mid-stream,we struck waves to impede

That boats which passed at flying speed?