又退群！特朗普宣布退出伊核協(xié)議

當(dāng)?shù)貢r間8日下午，美國總統(tǒng)特朗普正式宣布美國將單方面退出2015年由伊朗與伊核問題六國簽訂的伊朗核問題全面協(xié)議。

US President Donald Trump holds up a proclamation declaring his intention to withdraw from the JCPOA Iran nuclear agreement after signing it in the Diplomatic Room at the White House in Washington, US, May 8, 2018. [Photo/Agencies]

據(jù)美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)(CNN)報道：

US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal, pitting him against the United States' Western allies and leaving the future of Tehran's nuclear ambitions in question.

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普8日宣布將退出伊朗核協(xié)議，此舉使美國公然與其西方盟友針鋒相對，也令伊朗未來的核計劃充滿不確定性。

【何為伊核協(xié)議?】

當(dāng)?shù)貢r間2015年7月14日，伊核問題六國、歐盟和伊朗在奧地利維也納達(dá)成伊核問題全面協(xié)議。

全稱： 聯(lián)合全面行動計劃(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

參與國家：伊朗與國際調(diào)停“六方”(俄、美、英、中、法、德)

簽署時間：2015年7月14日

簽署地點：維也納

生效時間：2016年1月16日

要點：

1. Iran has agreed to dismantle most of its nuclear program, guaranteeing they would not be able to make a bomb for at least one year, over the course of 10 years.

伊朗同意廢除大部分核計劃，確保在未來10年當(dāng)中，伊朗沒有能力在一年內(nèi)制造出核彈。

2. Iran’s 19,000 installed centrifuges will have to be cut to no more than 6,104 for the next 10 years. The 13,000 decommissioned centrifuges will be sent to monitored storage by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

伊朗目前已安裝的1.9萬臺離心機(jī)將被縮減至6104臺以下。1.3萬臺拆解的離心機(jī)將被移送至由國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)控的存放地點。

3. Iran has also agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium (the material needed to make a bomb) by 98 percent and agreed to halt further enrichment. That material would either be diluted or sold.

伊朗還同意將濃縮鈾(制造核彈的材料)的儲備減少98%，并中止鈾濃縮項目。削減的濃縮鈾將被稀釋或者出售。

4.The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be redesigned, preventing Iran from producing weapons grade plutonium there. Iran will ship the spent fuel from Arak and over the next 15 years Iran will not build any new heavy water reactors.

位于阿拉克的重水核子反應(yīng)爐將被重新設(shè)計，以防止伊朗生產(chǎn)武器級別的钚。伊朗將運(yùn)走阿拉克基地內(nèi)的燃料，在未來15年內(nèi)都不會再建造任何新的重水反應(yīng)堆。

5. If Iran breaks its commitments, all sanctions could be quickly snapped back into place, according to the terms of the agreement.

談判協(xié)議規(guī)定，如果伊朗不履行承諾，所有的制裁將迅速恢復(fù)。

在白宮發(fā)表的電視講話中，特朗普稱伊核協(xié)議是“已經(jīng)腐爛了”的協(xié)議：

"It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement."

很顯然，在如今這個架子已經(jīng)腐爛了的協(xié)議下，我們根本無法阻止伊朗擁有核武器。

"This was a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made. It didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."

這是一個糟糕的單方面獲益的協(xié)議，從一開始就不該被簽訂。它過去沒有帶來平靜與和平，將來也永遠(yuǎn)不可能。

特朗普還表示，美國將重啟對伊朗的制裁：

“We will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction. Any nation that helps Iran in its quest for nuclear weapons could also be strongly sanctioned by the United States.”

我們將制定最嚴(yán)厲的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁，任何幫助伊朗尋求核武器的國家也會遭到美國的嚴(yán)厲制裁。

他在簽署重新制裁伊朗政權(quán)的總統(tǒng)備忘錄前說，這一舉措是要傳達(dá)一個重要信息：

“The United States no longer makes empty threats.”

美國不會再只做空洞的威脅。

作為回應(yīng)，伊朗表示暫時會留在協(xié)議框架之內(nèi)，但是已做好準(zhǔn)備，如有必要，重新啟動核武器的研究。

伊朗總統(tǒng)魯哈尼(Hassan Rouhani)說：

"I have ordered the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran to be ready for action if needed, so that if necessary we can resume our enrichment on an industrial level without any limitations."

我已經(jīng)命令伊朗原子能組織做好準(zhǔn)備，如有必要，不設(shè)限制地重新開始我們工業(yè)級別的鈾濃縮。

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯(UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres)對此表示擔(dān)憂，他說：

"I am deeply concerned by today's announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions (against Iran)."

對于美國今天宣布退出《聯(lián)合全面行動計劃》并重啟對伊朗制裁的決定，我深表擔(dān)憂。

"I call on other JCPOA participants to abide fully by their respective commitments under the JCPOA and on all other (UN) member states to support this agreement."

我呼吁其他伊核協(xié)議參與方嚴(yán)格遵守各自的承諾，也希望聯(lián)合國其他成員國支持該協(xié)議。

另一方面，特朗普的決定讓美國的歐洲盟友們感到手足無措。

英、法、德三國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同發(fā)布聲明，對特朗普的決定表示“遺憾和擔(dān)憂”(regret and concern)，并宣布他們將繼續(xù)遵守伊核協(xié)議。

不過，伊朗在中東的勁敵以色列就強(qiáng)烈贊同美國的決定。

Trump won strong backing from Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose leader, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailed him for a “historic move” and “courageous leadership.”

特朗普獲得了沙特阿拉伯和以色列的全力支持。以色列總理內(nèi)塔尼亞胡盛贊特朗普做了一個“歷史性的舉措”，彰顯了“有膽識的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力”。

【中方表態(tài)】

5月9日，外交部例行記者會上有記者就此問題提問：北京時間5月9日凌晨，美總統(tǒng)特朗普宣布美終止參與伊朗核問題全面協(xié)議，但伊朗稱只要其他各方繼續(xù)履行協(xié)議，伊朗仍將遵守協(xié)議。中方對此的立場是什么?

外交部發(fā)言人耿爽回答：

中方對美方所做決定表示遺憾。伊朗核問題全面協(xié)議是由六國、歐盟和伊朗共同談判達(dá)成的多邊協(xié)議，并經(jīng)過安理會第2231號決議核可，所有各方都應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真執(zhí)行，維護(hù)全面協(xié)議的完整性和嚴(yán)肅性。這有利于維護(hù)國際核不擴(kuò)散體系，促進(jìn)中東地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定，對通過政治手段解決熱點問題也具有示范意義。

China regrets the decision made by the US side. The JCPOA is a multilateral agreement reached by the P5+1, the European Union and Iran through negotiations and endorsed by the UN Security Council Resolution 2231. All relevant parties should implement the JCPOA in good faith and ensure its integrity and sanctity. This will contribute to upholding the international non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East and will play an exemplary role for the political settlement of hot-spot issues.

當(dāng)前形勢下，中方呼吁所有各方本著負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，從長遠(yuǎn)和大局出發(fā)，堅持政治外交解決方向，妥善管控分歧，盡快回到繼續(xù)執(zhí)行全面協(xié)議的正確軌道上來。中方將本著客觀、公正和負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，同各方保持對話協(xié)商，繼續(xù)致力于維護(hù)和執(zhí)行全面協(xié)議。

Under the current circumstances, China calls on all relevant parties to assume a responsible attitude, bear in mind the long-term and overall picture, stay committed to the political and diplomatic solution, properly handle differences and come back as soon as possible to the right track of continuing with the implementation of the JCPOA. China will maintain dialogue and consultation with all relevant parties and stay committed to upholding and implementing the JCPOA in an objective, unbiased and responsible attitude.

【相關(guān)詞匯】

伊朗核協(xié)議 Iran nuclear deal

鈾濃縮 uranium enrichment

離心機(jī) centrifuge

武器禁運(yùn) arms embargo

钚 plutonium

重水核子反應(yīng)爐 heavy water nuclear reactor