“南海仲裁案”實體問題裁決將公布

菲律賓南海仲裁案仲裁庭書記處29日稱，仲裁庭將于7月12日公布關于菲律賓南海仲裁案的實體問題裁決。對此，中國政府多次鄭重聲明，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違背國際法，仲裁庭對此案沒有管轄權，中國不接受、不參與仲裁。

An aerial photo taken on Sept 25, 2015 from a seaplane of Hainan Maritime Safety Administration shows cruise vessel Haixun 1103 heading to the Yacheng 13-1 drilling rig during a patrol in South China Sea. [Photo/Xinhua]

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An arbitral tribunal with widely contested jurisdiction will issue an award on July 12 on the South China Sea case unilaterally initiated by the Philippines, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague said on Wednesday.

總部位于海牙的常設仲裁法庭6月29日發(fā)表聲明稱，將于7月12日就菲律賓單方面提出的南海仲裁案做出裁決。

"The Tribunal will issue its Award on Tuesday, 12 July 2016 at approximately 11 A.M.," the PCA, acting as the registry of the tribunal, said in a press release.

仲裁庭將于歐洲中部夏令時間 2016 年 7 月 12 日星期二上午11時左右在海牙發(fā)布裁決，常設仲裁法院為該案的書記處。

"The Award will first be issued via e-mail to the Parties, along with an accompanying Press Release containing a summary of the Award," it said.

裁決書以及附隨的新聞稿將首先通過電子郵件向當事方發(fā)布，新聞稿中將包括裁決書的摘要。

所謂的仲裁(arbitration)是一種替代性糾紛解決方式(alternative dispute resolution)，參與仲裁的各方為arbitrators，進行仲裁的法庭叫arbitral tribunal，最后做出的裁決叫award，仲裁庭做出裁決可以用issue an award表示。

關于南海仲裁案(South China Sea arbitration)，我們需要了解幾個關鍵詞：

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA，常設仲裁法庭)：位于荷蘭海牙的政府間組織(intergovernmental organization)，本身并不是法庭，主要職責是組織各類仲裁庭來解決成員國之間的沖突和爭議。

Jurisdiction(管轄權)：菲律賓提請仲裁事項的實質(zhì)是南海部分島礁的領土主權問題，不在《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)的調(diào)整范圍內(nèi)，更不涉及《公約》的解釋或適用，仲裁庭無管轄權。

Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(《南海各方行為宣言》)： 2002年11月4日，在金邊舉行的中國與東盟領導人會議期間，中國與東盟各國外長及外長代表簽署了《南海各方行為宣言》?！缎浴反_認中國與東盟致力于加強睦鄰互信伙伴關系，共同維護南海地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定?！缎浴窂娬{(diào)通過友好協(xié)商和談判，以和平方式解決南海有關爭議。在爭議解決之前，各方承諾保持克制，不采取使爭議復雜化和擴大化的行動，并本著合作與諒解的精神，尋求建立相互信任的途徑，包括開展海洋環(huán)保、搜尋與求助、打擊跨國犯罪等合作。

Territorial issues and maritime delimitation(領土問題和海域劃界)：在領土問題和海域劃界爭議上，中國不接受任何第三方爭端解決方式，不接受任何強加于中國的爭端解決方案。

外交部發(fā)言人洪磊29日就菲律賓南海仲裁案仲裁庭聲稱將于近期公布所謂最終裁決發(fā)表談話，全文如下：

應菲律賓共和國單方面請求建立的南海仲裁案仲裁庭(以下簡稱“仲裁庭”)于2016年6月29日對外稱，將于2016年7月12日公布所謂最終裁決。我想再次強調(diào)的是，仲裁庭對本案及有關事項無管轄權，不應進行審理并作出裁決。

The Arbitral Tribunal in the South China Sea arbitration established at the unilateral request of the Republic of the Philippines (hereinafter referred to as the “Arbitral Tribunal”) claimed on 29 June 2016 that it would issue the so-called final award on 12 July 2016. I hereby once again emphasize that the Arbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction over the case and the relevant subject-matter, and that it should not have heard the case or rendered the award.

一、2013年1月22日，菲律賓單方面就中菲在南海的有關爭議提起仲裁。中國政府隨即聲明，中國不接受、不參與菲律賓提起的仲裁。此后，中國政府多次重申這一立場。

1. On January 22, 2013, the Philippines unilaterally initiated the arbitration on the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea. The Chinese government immediately declared that it would neither accept nor participate in the arbitration initiated by the Philippines, a position that has since been repeatedly reiterated.

2014年12月7日，中國外交部受權發(fā)布了《中華人民共和國政府關于菲律賓共和國所提南海仲裁案管轄權問題的立場文件》，全面系統(tǒng)闡明了中國政府對該仲裁案管轄權問題的立場，即仲裁庭對菲律賓單方面提起的南海仲裁案沒有管轄權，中國政府不接受、不參與菲律賓提起的仲裁擁有充分的國際法依據(jù)。

On December 7, 2014, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China released upon authorization the Position Paper of the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration Initiated by the Republic of the Philippines, which comprehensively and systematically elaborates the position of the Chinese government on the matter of jurisdiction in the arbitration unilaterally initiated by the Philippines that the Arbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction over the case, and that the Chinese government’s non-acceptance of and non-participation in the arbitration are solidly founded in international law.

2015年10月29日，仲裁庭作出管轄權和可受理性問題裁決。中國政府當即聲明有關裁決是無效的，沒有拘束力。針對仲裁庭11月24日至30日就該案實體問題進行的庭審，中國政府再次闡明了不接受、不參與的立場。

On October 29, 2015, the Arbitral Tribunal rendered an award on jurisdiction and admissibility. The Chinese government immediately stated that the relevant award is null and void and has no binding force. With regard to the hearing on the merits of the arbitration held from November 24 to 30 2015, the Chinese government reiterated its position of non-acceptance and non-participation.

2016年6月8日，中國外交部發(fā)布了《中華人民共和國外交部關于堅持通過雙邊談判解決中國和菲律賓在南海有關爭議的聲明》，重申中國堅持不接受、不參與菲律賓仲裁案以及通過雙邊談判解決中菲在南海有關爭議的立場。

On June 8, 2016, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China released the Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China on Settling Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea Through Bilateral Negotiation, reiterating its position of non-acceptance of and non-participation in the arbitration and settling the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea through bilateral negotiation.

二、菲律賓單方面提起南海仲裁案違反國際法。

2. The Philippines’ unilateral initiation of arbitration breaches international law.

第一，中菲通過一系列雙邊文件和《南海各方行為宣言》早已就通過雙邊談判解決南海有關爭議達成協(xié)議，《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》(以下簡稱《公約》)規(guī)定的仲裁程序不適用中菲南海有關爭議。

First, China and the Philippines have agreed, through a series of bilateral instruments and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, to settle their relevant disputes in the South China Sea through bilateral negotiation. The arbitration proceeding under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) does not apply to the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea.

第二，菲律賓提請仲裁事項的實質(zhì)是南海部分島礁的領土主權問題，不在《公約》的調(diào)整范圍內(nèi)，更不涉及《公約》的解釋或適用。

Second, the essence of the subject-matter of the arbitration is the territorial sovereignty over some islands and reefs in the South China Sea, which is beyond the scope of UNCLOS and does not concern the interpretation or application of UNCLOS.

第三，菲律賓提請仲裁事項構(gòu)成中菲兩國海域劃界問題不可分割的組成部分，而中國已根據(jù)《公約》第298條的規(guī)定于2006年作出聲明，將涉及海域劃界等事項的爭端排除適用仲裁等強制爭端解決程序。

Third, the subject-matter of the arbitration constitutes an integral part of maritime delimitation between China and the Philippines, thus falling within the scope of the declaration made by China in 2006 pursuant to Article 298 of UNCLOS, which excludes disputes concerning maritime delimitation, among others, from arbitration and other compulsory dispute settlement procedures.

第四，菲律賓無視中菲從未就其所提仲裁事項進行任何談判的事實，偷換概念，虛構(gòu)爭端，未履行《公約》第283條就爭端解決方式交換意見的義務。

Fourth, the Philippines, in disregard of the fact that China and the Philippines have never engaged in any negotiation on any of the subject-matter of the arbitration, distorted concepts, invented disputes, and failed to fulfill its obligation under Article 283 of UNCLOS to exchange views on means of dispute settlement.

三、仲裁庭建立在菲律賓非法行為和訴求基礎上，對有關事項不具有管轄權。仲裁庭不顧中菲已選擇通過談判協(xié)商方式解決爭端的事實，無視菲律賓所提仲裁事項的實質(zhì)是領土主權問題的事實，規(guī)避中方根據(jù)《公約》規(guī)定做出的排除性聲明，自行擴權和越權，強行對有關事項進行審理，損害締約國享有的自主選擇爭端解決方式的權利，破壞《公約》爭端解決體系的完整性。

3. The Arbitral Tribunal, established on the basis of illegal conduct and claims of the Philippines, has no jurisdiction over the relevant matters. The Arbitral Tribunal, taking no regard of the fact that China and the Philippines have chosen to settle disputes through negotiation and consultation and the fact that the essence of the subject-matter of the arbitration is territorial sovereignty, circumvented the optional exceptions declaration China has made in accordance with UNCLOS, expanded and exceeded its jurisdiction at will, and pushed forward the hearing on the relevant subject-matter. Such acts have infringed on the right of a state party to UNCLOS to choose means of dispute settlement of its own will, and undermined the integrity of the UNCLOS dispute settlement regime.

四、在領土問題和海域劃界爭議上，中國不接受任何第三方爭端解決方式，不接受任何強加于中國的爭端解決方案。中國政府將繼續(xù)遵循《聯(lián)合國憲章》確認的國際法和國際關系基本準則，堅持與直接有關當事國在尊重歷史事實的基礎上，根據(jù)國際法，通過談判協(xié)商解決南海有關爭議，維護南海和平穩(wěn)定。

4. With regard to territorial issues and maritime delimitation disputes, China does not accept any means of third party dispute settlement or any solution imposed on China. The Chinese government will continue to abide by international law and basic norms governing international relations as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and will continue to work with states directly concerned to resolve the relevant disputes in the South China Sea through negotiation and consultation on the basis of respecting historical facts and in accordance with international law, so as to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea.