常春藤解析英語 76 Naturalism, and Jean-Fran?ois Millet 自然主義與米勒

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Naturalism, and Jean-François Millet 自然主義與米勒

by Matthew Brown

Take a look at a style of art that tries to show things as they are.

看看自然主義如何呈現(xiàn)事物的自然風(fēng)華。

If you were setting out to create a painting of a subject, there would be many choices available to you. Take the idea of painting a bouquet of red roses for instance. You could choose to draw vibrant lines around and inside the flowers, giving the painting energy and movement. Or you could depict the roses using simple geometric shapes, something like what Picasso might have done. If you took either of these routes, your painting could turn out to be quite interesting. It would not, however, be a painting that could be described as being in a Realist or Naturalist style.

"Naturalism," as well as "Realism" which it is often linked with, usually refers to a style of art that tries to show the object exactly as it is in real life. Sometimes artists who work in the style of Realism go so far as to try to trick the viewer into thinking the painting is the real thing.

What makes Naturalism "different from Realism is that Naturalism puts an emphasis on nature. It says that objects should be painted realistically, as they appear, and that they should be displayed in a way that is true to nature. For most people, however, the difference between the two styles is not always very clear.

The Naturalist movement took place in the 1800s, and it came about as a reaction against Romanticism. Romanticism describes an approach to painting in which the object is portrayed in the way the artist imagines it, with a great deal of style and emotion. In the end, the object usually looks quite different from how it would look to the eye in day-to-day life.

單字小鋪

1. Naturalism n. 自然主義

2. vibrant a. 生動的

3. geometric a. 幾何(圖形)的

4. route n. 途徑;路線

5. Realist n. 寫實(shí)主義者

6. Naturalist n. 自然主義者

7. Realism n. 寫實(shí)主義

8. realistically adv. 逼真地

9. Romanticism n. 浪漫主義

10. portray vt. 描繪

詞組小鋪

1. a bouquet of...　　一束……

bouquet n. 一束

2. turn out (to be) + N/adj.　　結(jié)果變成……

3. be described as...　　被描述成……

4. refer to...　　指的是……

5. be different from...　　與……不同

6. come about　　發(fā)生(= happen)

7. a great deal of + 不可數(shù)名詞　　許多的∕大量的……

精解字詞詞組

1. set out to V　　開始(從事)……

例: I set out to learn carpentry at the age of 20.

(我 20 歲時(shí)開始學(xué)木工。)

2. be available to...　　為……可取得，可供……利用

例: The aerobics class is available to club members.

(該俱樂部會員可以上這門有氧舞蹈課。)

3. Take...for instance.　　舉……(例子)來說。

= Take...for example.

例: The food here is wonderful. Take this cheesecake for instance.

(這里的食物很美味。就拿這起司蛋糕來說好了。)

4. be linked with/to...　　與……聯(lián)想在一起∕相關(guān)聯(lián)

例: Chewing betel nut is linked with mouth cancer.

(嚼檳榔與口腔癌息息相關(guān)。)

5. go so far as to V　　甚至做到……(的地步)

例: In order to get tickets for the concert, Ed went so far as to spend the night in front of the ticket counter.

(為了買到演唱會的票，艾德甚至不惜在售票口前漏夜等候。)

6. trick sb into + V-ing　　誘騙某人(做)……

例: I tricked Debby into lending me $150.

(我騙黛比借 150 元給我。)

7. put an emphasis on...　　強(qiáng)調(diào)……;著重……

= emphasize vt.

例: In this speech, I want to put an emphasis on relationships.

(這場演講中，我將著重于感情關(guān)系。)

8. be true to...　　忠于……

例: Most dogs are true to their owners.

(大多數(shù)的狗兒對牠們的主人都很忠心。)

9. reaction n. 反動，排拒(與介詞 against 并用);反應(yīng)(與介詞 to 并用)

例:　We were all surprised at Helen's reaction to her son's dropping out of school.

(海倫對她兒子輟學(xué)的反應(yīng)讓我們感到驚訝。)

10. to the eye　　看起來，表面上

be pleasing to the eye　　看起來賞心悅目

例: Although Nick is very pleasing to the eye, he isn't very smart.

(雖然尼克長得帥，卻不太聰明。)

中文翻譯

如果你要以某個(gè)題材著手作畫，你有很多選擇。就舉畫一束紅玫瑰為例好了。你可以選擇用生動筆觸勾勒出玫瑰花里里外外的線條，賦予花朵生命力與動感?；蛘吣憧梢杂脝渭兊膸缀涡螤蠲枥L出玫瑰，就如同畢加索的畫法一樣。如果你采取以上任何一種畫法，作品會變得相當(dāng)有趣。不過如此一來，你的作品就稱不上是寫實(shí)主義或自然主義畫風(fēng)。

『自然主義』常與『寫實(shí)主義』相提并論，通常都是指一種能忠實(shí)呈現(xiàn)主題在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中模樣的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。寫實(shí)主義派畫家有時(shí)甚至試著讓觀者相信畫中的主題是真實(shí)的。

自然主義與寫實(shí)主義不同之處在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)自然，認(rèn)為物體就該像眼前所見般被忠實(shí)呈現(xiàn)，并以忠于自然的方式繪制。然而對多數(shù)人來說，這兩種風(fēng)格的分別并不明顯。

自然主義運(yùn)動發(fā)生于 19 世紀(jì)，是對浪漫主義的反動。浪漫主義以畫家想象的方式來描繪主題，相當(dāng)富有個(gè)人風(fēng)格與情感。到最后，主題通常與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的樣子相當(dāng)不同。